Modelling the role of glucocorticoid receptor as mediator of endocrine responses to environmental challenge

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1898)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) modulate acute 'stress' responses in vertebrates, exerting their actions across many physiological systems to help the organism face and overcome challenges. These take place via binding glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which determines not only magnitude of GC-mediated response but also negative feedback that downregulates GCs restore homeostasis. Although GR function is assumed determine GC regulation capacity, associations between abundance individuals' coping abilities remain cryptic. We developed a dynamic model fitted empirical data predict effects on both plasma patterns response. Individuals with higher GRs showed lower exposure, stronger greater capacity adjust this according stressor intensity, may be translated into more resilient flexible phenotypes. Our results show among-individual variability challenges detectability association measurements responses. approach provides mechanistic insights role function, point at fundamentally driving complex features system environmental change. This article part theme issue 'Endocrine variation: conceptual approaches recent developments'.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Endocrine Disruptors via In Vitro Evaluation: Recognizing the Significance of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development and United States Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines, Embracing New Assessment Methods, and the Urgent Need for a Comprehensive Battery of Tests

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 183 - 183

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Efforts are being made globally to improve the evaluation and understanding of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recognition their impact on human health environment has stimulated attention research in this field. Various stakeholders, including scientists, regulatory agencies, policymakers, industry representatives, collaborating develop robust methodologies guidelines for assessing these disruptors. A key aspect efforts is development standardized testing protocols that aim provide consistent reliable methods identifying characterizing endocrine When evaluating potential activity chemicals, no single test capable detecting all relevant agents. The battery approach designed reduce risk false negative results compounds with toxic potential. weight-of-evidence therefore necessary disruptor evaluation. This considers various types data from multiple sources, overall strength, consistency, reliability evidence. OECD highly regarded scientific rigor, transparency, consensus-based process. It crucial explore new can effectively evaluate risks associated Integrating into a comprehensive framework will enhance assessments facilitate informed decisions regarding regulation management substances, ensuring protection adverse effects.

Language: Английский

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Mental Illness Strikes at the Heart: Impact of Psychiatric Diseases on Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 340 - 340

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Mental illnesses can have a significant impact on individuals experiencing acute coronary syndromes (ACS). are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk profile and early onset of disease. A critical aspect this interplay is the effect psychiatric conditions left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), key parameter in evaluating cardiac function predicting long-term outcomes ACS patients. The present single-center, retrospective study investigated associations between function, focus LVEF inclusion criteria were Italian nationality 30 years or older. One hundred sixty-four patients without (Mage = 68.8 ± 10.6, 62 females) 161 diagnosis 68.4 13.7, 63 enrolled. data collected included sociodemographic variables, diagnoses, LVEF, type (STEMI/NSTEMI), smoking status, previous interventions, pharmacological treatments. Statistical analyses chi-square, t-tests, ANOVAs, ANCOVA to assess differences across groups. Findings revealed lower compared (p 0.004, d 0.36). Patients NSTEMI 0.047, φ 0.11), hypertension 0.003, −0.16), dyslipidemia 0.022, −0.13). In contrast, STEMI neurological dysfunction 0.014, 0.14), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 0.010, 0.14). Among anxiety disorders substance abuse 0.012, −0.81). findings underscore complex relationship mental illness emphasising need integrate evaluations into cardiology care optimise management both health. This has several limitations, including its design, which prevents causal conclusions, use convenience sampling, limits generalizability findings.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine responses to environmental variation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1898)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Hormones regulate most physiological functions and life history from embryonic development to reproduction. In addition their roles in growth development, hormones also mediate responses the abiotic, social nutritional environments. Hormone signalling is responsive environmental changes adjust phenotypes prevailing conditions. Both hormone levels receptor densities can change provide a flexible system of regulation. Endocrine flexibility connects environment organismal function, it central understanding impacts effect on individuals populations. may act as 'sensor' link signals epigenetic processes thereby phenotypic plasticity within across generations. Many parameters are now changing unprecedented ways result human activity. The knowledge base organism-environmental interactions was established environments that differ many current conditions ongoing impacts. It an urgent contemporary challenge understand how evolved endocrine will modulate response anthropogenic including climate change, light-at-night chemical pollution. play role ecology, integration into conservation lead more effective outcomes. This article part theme issue 'Endocrine variation: conceptual approaches recent developments'.

Language: Английский

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Corticosterone and glucose are correlated and show similar response patterns to temperature and stress in a free-living bird

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(14)

Published: July 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones have traditionally been interpreted as indicators of stress, but the extent to which they provide information on physiological state remains debated. GCs are metabolic that amongst other functions ensure increasing fuel (i.e. glucose) supply face fluctuating energetic demands, a role often overlooked by ecological studies investigating consequences GC variation. Furthermore, because energy budget is limited, in natural contexts where multiple stimuli coexist, organisms' ability respond physiologically may be constrained when triggers responses overlap time. Using free-living spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) chicks, we experimentally tested whether two different nature known trigger or response, respectively, cause comparable increase plasma and glucose. We further response patterns differed both occurred consecutively. found experimental treatments caused increases glucose similar magnitude, suggesting variables fluctuate along with variation expenditure, independently trigger. Exposure occurring subsequently did not difference compared exposure single stimulus, limited capacity an additional stimulus during ongoing acute response. Lastly, positive significant correlation between after treatments. Our results add research expenditure variation, providing evidence association metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Hyperactivity in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: An Invisible Killer for Anxiety and/or Depression in Coronary Artherosclerotic Heart Disease

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(12)

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

The coexistence of anxiety or depression with coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant clinical challenge in cardiovascular medicine. Recent studies have indicated that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity could be promising focus understanding and addressing the development treatments for comorbid CHD depression. HPA helps to regulate levels inflammatory factors, thereby reducing oxidative stress damage, promoting platelet activation, stabilizing gut microbiota, which enhance survival regeneration neurons, endothelial cells, other cell types, leading neuroprotective cardioprotective benefits. This review addresses relevance nervous systems, as well latest research advancements regarding its mechanisms action. discussion includes detailed function regulating processes mentioned. Above all, it summarizes therapeutic potential biomarker atherosclerotic combined

Language: Английский

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New insights into anti-depression effects of bioactive phytochemicals

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 107566 - 107566

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of brushing dairy calves on behaviour, physiology and genes expression

Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106456 - 106456

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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