Microbiomes as Modulators of Human and Planetary Health: A Relational and Cross‐Scale Perspective

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The various human microbiomes play critical roles in maintaining health and well‐being, they are continuously shaped by a complex web of internal external factors. Research on environmental is generally discrete within disciplinary areas such as medicine, microbiology, molecular ecology, etc. This paper presents perspective based scoping review the literature, aiming to explore how these interconnected shape well‐being and, turn, planetary health. We working from cellular mechanisms population outcomes, role intrinsic extrinsic factors influencing microbiomes. argue that global trends homogenization diets, environments, medical practices driving shifts microbial diversity, with far‐reaching implications for well Disruptions feedback at individual, community, ecosystem levels often exacerbated biodiversity loss change. underscore need holistic public interventions account microbiome stewardship across scales. By examining connections, we aim highlight importance systems‐level understanding

Language: Английский

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Understanding and predicting animal movements and distributions in the Anthropocene

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2025

Predicting animal movements and spatial distributions is crucial for our comprehension of ecological processes provides key evidence conserving managing populations, species ecosystems. Notwithstanding considerable progress in movement ecology recent decades, developing robust predictions rapidly changing environments remains challenging. To accurately predict the effects anthropogenic change, it important to first identify defining features human-modified their consequences on drivers movement. We review discuss these within framework, describing relationships between external environment, internal state, navigation motion capacity. Developing under novel situations requires models moving beyond purely correlative approaches a dynamical systems perspective. This increased mechanistic modelling, using functional parameters derived from principles decision-making. Theory empirical observations should be better integrated by experimental approaches. Models fitted new historic data gathered across wide range contrasting environmental conditions. need therefore targeted supervised approach collection, increasing studied taxa carefully considering issues scale bias, modelling. Thus, we caution against indiscriminate non-supervised use citizen science data, AI machine learning models. highlight challenges opportunities incorporating into management actions policy. Rewilding translocation schemes offer exciting collect environments, enabling tests model varied contexts scales. Adaptive frameworks particular, based stepwise iterative process, including refinements, provide mutual benefit conservation. In conclusion, verge transforming descriptive predictive science. timely progression, given that conditions are now more urgently needed than ever evidence-based policy decisions. Our aim not describe existing as well possible, but rather understand underlying mechanisms develop with reliable ability situations.

Language: Английский

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The non‐native Areca triandra palm is a potential threat to the southwestern rainforests of Sri Lanka

Nordic Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

The palm family is a major source of invasive plants because their long history introductions outside native range in tropical and subtropical regions for use as food ornamentals. Areca triandra was introduced to Sri Lanka 1867 through the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, has been grown an ornamental over century. To assess its potential invasiveness, we applied invasiveness assessment protocol. Population reproductive characteristics were studied Meethirigala Yagirala Forest Reserves. In each location, stems > 1 m height sampled crown cover assessed three plots 400 2 (20 × 20 m) ground layer < four quadrats within (total 24 quadrats). accounted 56–66% height, 52–76% cover, 64–77% saplings seedlings height. Clump formation high with 30–51% having 2–7 stems, compared single 12–26%. Fruit production prolific, 140–250 fruits per infructescence, clump multiple producing 1–3 infructescences. This resulted total 250–440 clump, translating up 8000 plot; bright red, (one‐seeded) fleshy drupes attracted avian mammalian frugivores, aiding seed dispersal. species colonized along disturbed forest edges where it can compete species, exposing vulnerability highly fragmented rainforests. study shows that naturalized southwest humid lowlands be considered invasive, emphasizing need urgent actions manage this species.

Language: Английский

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Neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations in female mice following pregestational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 lysate protein

Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 107451 - 107451

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recent Sociocultural Changes Reverse the Long‐Term Trend of Declining Habitat Availability for Large Wild Mammals in Europe

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(12)

Published: Oct. 24, 2024

ABSTRACT Aim People have strongly influenced the biosphere for millennia, but how their increasing activities shaped wildlife distribution is incompletely understood. We examined of European large (>8 kg), wild mammals has changed in association with changing anthropogenic pressures and climate change through Holocene. Location Europe. Methods used over 17,000 zooarchaeological records 20 species spanning 12,000 years to develop time‐calibrated models, incorporating dynamic data on cropland extent, natural vegetation fragmentation, human population density climate. assessed habitat availability potential richness across time within seven biogeographical regions. also compared at record sites present‐day habitats remaining evaluate recent increases coexistence activities. Results found a continuous decline mammal richness, particularly linked changes density. Most loss became evident continentally after 1500 AD, Atlantic Mediterranean bioregions, reached 20% during Iron/Roman Ages (1000 BC–500 AD) due Climate initially boosted (+0.67 species/km 2 average) until end Mesolithic had negligible effects afterward. Today, appear higher coexisting people past (e.g., herbivores today inhabit areas mean 95 people/km , an average 17 period 1500–2000 AD). Main Conclusions Our study emphasizes crucial role determining diversity communities throughout history. Additionally, our results indicate that contemporary trends like land‐use de‐intensification stronger conservation policies can counteract impact past, reverse defaunation.

Language: Английский

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Areca triandra, a non-native palm is invasive in the highly biodiverse southwestern Sri Lanka

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 22, 2024

The palm family is a major source of invasive woody plants because their long history introductions outside native range in tropical and subtropical regions for use as food ornamentals. Areca triandra Roxb. Ex Buch-Ham, was introduced to Sri Lanka 1867 through the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya has been grown an ornamental over century. This study shows its naturalization southwest humid lowlands invasive. Population reproductive characteristics were studied Meethirigala Yagirala Forest Reserves. In each location, stems > 1m height crown cover sampled three plots 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) ground layer < 1 four x within (total 24 plots). A. accounted 56% - 66% height, 52% 76% cover, 64% 77% seedlings height. Clump formation high with 30% 51% having 2 7 stems, compared single 12% 26%. Fruit production prolific, infructescence yielding 140 250 fruits clump multiple producing 3 infructescence. resulted total 440 per clump, translating up 8000 plot; bright red, fleshy attracted avian mammalian frugivores aiding seed dispersal. favored disturbed forest edges, shady understory habitats displacing understory, suppressing canopy regeneration. Invasiveness Assessment Protocol indicated moderate risk from wet zone, exposing vulnerability Lanka’s highly fragmented biodiverse rain forests. emphasizes need urgent action this species.

Language: Английский

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Climatic disequilibrium in tree cover is frequent in protected areas worldwide — implications for conservation and restoration

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Many species and ecosystems that diversified adapted under consumer control in prehistoric times are nowadays highly threatened. Nature protection areas (PAs) form a major conservation strategy to avoid their losses. We argue many PAs across Earth disequilibrium with current climatic conditions. At the same time, main consumers of woody vegetation keeping these systems disequilibrium, is, large‐bodied herbivores and/or fire, have strongly declined or changed occurrence (pre‐)historic times. Without active intervention, this lack will cause approach climate equilibrium implications for baseline‐focused approaches nature restoration. In global analysis we quantified prevalence all terrestrial biomes. calculated as difference between actual tree cover potential conditions (i.e., mean annual temperature precipitation sum). show widespread phenomenon biomes highest values temperate grassland, tundra taiga trophic rewilding, notably restoration functionally diverse large‐herbivore assemblages, would not only help maintain states, but also reduce labour costs management.

Language: Английский

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Increasing densities of Leucosidea sericea have minimal effects on grazing capacity and soil characteristics of a high-altitude communal rangeland at Vuvu, South Africa

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. e0308472 - e0308472

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Increasing densities of woody plants, known as plant encroachment, is a phenomenon affecting savannas and grasslands in many parts the world. Yet, these ecosystems sustain significant proportion human population through provision ecosystem services, such forage for livestock wildlife production. While low to medium altitude rangelands are encroached by species high southern Africa show increasing Leucosidea sericea , shrub or small medium-sized tree. Influences this on rangeland dynamics unknown. This study aimed determine influence L . functioning Vuvu communal area Eastern Cape, South Africa. Effects diversity composition, condition grazing capacity were measured sites variable topographical locations designated plains, upland stream sites, using point-to-tuft method along 50-m long transects. Soil samples collected depth 5 cm from streams, analysed organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, pH. Plant richness abundance similar among locations, which was reflected Shannon-Weiner ( H′ ) indices sites. Topographical differed significantly composition. The plains had higher than that Values soil physicochemical properties Overall, soils acidic (range pH: 4.4–4.6) amounts carbon total nitrogen. These findings suggest not primary cause degradation all poor shown capacity, depauperate diversity. Therefore, management should shift towards restoration strategies revitalise rangeland.

Language: Английский

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Human beings and the species they introduce are not a “cancer” of Planet Earth

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Journal Article Human beings and the species they introduce are not a "cancer" of Planet Earth Get access Patricio Javier Pereyra, Pereyra Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos Almirante Storni, San Antonio Oeste, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-9512 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Paula la Barra, Barra Department Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute Sea Research, Den Burg, The Ludmila Lucila Daniela Amione, Amione Andrea Arcángel, Arcángel Barbara Macarena Marello Buch, Buch Emiliano Rodríguez, Rodríguez Mara Anahí Maldonado, Maldonado Consejo ArgentinaLaboratorio Zoológia Invertebrados 2, Departamento Biología, Bioquímica Farmacia, Universidad del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Leandro Hünicken, Hünicken Erick Lundgren, Lundgren Center Ecological Dynamics in Novel Biosphere, Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Arian D Wallach School Biology Environmental Science, Faculty Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia BioScience, biae112, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biae112 Published: 30 October 2024 history Received: 16 September Revision received: 25 Accepted: 10

Language: Английский

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