When complex movement yields simple dispersal: behavioural heterogeneity, spatial spread and parasitism in groups of micro-wasps

Movement Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 1, 2023

Understanding how behavioural dynamics, inter-individual variability and individual interactions scale-up to shape the spatial spread dispersal of animal populations is a major challenge in ecology. For biocontrol agents, such as microscopic Trichogramma parasitic wasps, an understanding movement strategies also critical predict pest-suppression performance field. We experimentally studied propagation groups parasitoids their patterns parasitism. investigated whether population density-dependent, it affected by presence hosts, distribution parasitism (dispersal kernel) can be predicted from observed individuals. Using novel experimental device high-throughput imaging techniques, we continuously tracked over large temporal scales (8 h; 6 m, ca. 12,000 body lengths). could thus study density, hosts impacted rate spread, individuals during expansion, overall kernel (position events). Higher density accelerated but only transiently: reverted low values after 4 h, "tortoise-hare" effect. Interestingly, suppressed this transiency permitted sustained high spread. Importantly, found that did not obey classical diffusion, involved dynamical switches between resident explorer modes. Population was therefore Gaussian, though surprisingly was. Even homogenous asexual insects develop heterogeneities few hours, latter control Behavioural switching states determined distribution, density-dependence dispersal. A simple Gaussian reflect rather interplay several non-linearities at level. These results highlight need take into account behaviour heterogeneity understand animals.

Language: Английский

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A gene-regulatory network model for density-dependent and sex-biased dispersal evolution during range expansions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract Dispersal is key to understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics. may itself evolve exhibit phenotypic plasticity. Specifically, organisms modulate their dispersal rates in response the density of conspecifics (density-dependent dispersal) own sex (sex-biased dispersal). While optimal plastic responses have been derived from first principles, genetic molecular basis plasticity has not modelled. An architecture especially relevant for evolution during rapidly changing spatial conditions such as range expansions. In this context, we develop an individual-based metapopulation model density-dependent sex-biased We represent trait a gene-regulatory network (GRN), which can take population individual’s input analyse emergent contextand condition-dependent responses. compare dynamics GRN standard reaction norm (RN) approach under equilibrium find that conditions, produces shapes match theoretical expectation RN model. However, expansion, leads faster expansion because GRNs maintain higher adaptive potential. Our results imply that, order understand eco-evolutionary contemporary time, traits must be taken into account.

Language: Английский

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Individual variation in dispersal, and its sources, shape the fate of pushed vs. pulled range expansions

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Abstract Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of range expansions are shaped by both dispersal population growth. Accordingly, density-dependence in either or growth can determine whether pulled pushed, i.e. expansion velocities genetic diversity mainly driven recent, low-density edge populations, older populations closer to the core. Despite this despite abundant evidence evolution during expansions, impact density-dependent its on remains understudied. Here, we used simulation models examine influence individual trait variation capacity density- dependence how it impacts position pulled-pushed continuum. First, found that knowing about at greatly improve our ability predict an is (more) pushed pulled. Second, costs sources (genetic non-genetic, versus dependence) evolve. Among other scenarios, tended become more with time only when was highly heritable, were low could not When, hand, had no basis, but evolve, then time, More generally, results show trying using information from non-expanding regions may be problematic, play a key role determining stays environmental context (here costs) cannot neglected. Those simulations suggest new avenues research explore, terms theoretical studies regarding ways empirically study vs. expansions.

Language: Английский

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Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among and within five species ofTrichogrammawasps: a comparative analysis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract Major traits defining the life history of organisms are often not independent from each other, with most their variation aligning along key axes such as pace-of-life axis. We can define a axis structuring reproduction and development time continuum less-fecund, longer-developing ‘slow’ types to more-fecund, shorter-developing ‘fast’ types. Such axes, potential associations or syndromes other dispersal, however universal; in particular, support for presence may be taxon taxonomic scale-dependent. Knowing about life-history strategies especially important understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics, these trait constrain correlated traits. To understand how effective dispersal covary, we measured controlled conditions 28 lines five species Trichogramma , which small endoparasitoid wasps frequently used biological model experimental evolution but also biocontrol against Lepidoptera pests. found partial evidence at interspecific level: higher fecundity had faster time. However, faster-developing were more likely delay egg-laying, that is usually interpreted “slow”. There was no similar covariation patterns within-species line level. limited between lines, accordingly, did detect any correlation probability discuss expanding our design by accounting density-dependence both pace might improve those they interact other. Overall, results highlight importance exploring “right” scale, multiple scales, (co)evolution They suggest optimizing reproductive maximize efficiency difficult programs using only one species.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between dispersal and pace-of-life at different scales

Peer Community In Zoology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 21, 2023

A recommendation of: Chloé Guicharnaud, Géraldine Groussier, Erwan Beranger, Laurent Lamy, Elodie Vercken, Maxime Dahirel Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among within five species Trichogramma wasps: a comparative analysis https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.24.525360

Language: Английский

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When complex movement yields simple dispersal: behavioural heterogeneity, spatial spread and parasitism in groups of micro-wasps

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Abstract Understanding how behavioural dynamics, inter-individual variability and individual interactions scale-up to shape the spatial spread dispersal of animal populations is a major challenge in ecology. For biocontrol agents, such as microscopic Trichogramma parasitic wasps, an understanding movement strategies also critical predict pest-suppression performance field. We experimentally studied propagation groups parasitoids their patterns parasitism. investigated whether population density-dependent, it affected by presence hosts, distribution parasitism (dispersal kernel) can be predicted from observed individuals. Using novel experimental device high-throughput imaging techniques, we continuously tracked over large temporal scales (eight hours; six metres, ca. 12,000 body lengths). could thus study density, hosts impacted rate spread, individuals during expansion, overall kernel (position events). Higher density accelerated but only transiently: reverted low values after four hours, “tortoise-hare” effect. Interestingly, suppressed this transiency permitted sustained high spread. Importantly, found that did not obey classical diffusion, involved dynamical switches between resident explorer modes. Population was therefore Gaussian, though surprisingly was. Even homogenous asexual animals were shown develop behavioral heterogeneties few hours. Explorer responsible for most dispersal, determined density-dependent dispersal. showed simple Gaussian emerge rather interplay several non-linearities at level. This suggests expectations diffusion theory may hold generally active dispersers. These results highlight need take into account behaviour heterogeneity understand animals.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic evolution during range expansions is contingent on connectivity and density dependence

Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2021

A recommendation of: Maxime Dahirel, Aline Bertin, Vincent Calcagno, Camille Duraj, Simon Fellous, Géraldine Groussier, Eric Lombaert, Ludovic Mailleret, Anaël Marchand, Elodie Vercken Landscape connectivity alters the evolution of density-dependent dispersal during pushed range expansions https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433752

Language: Английский

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Life-history traits, pace of life and dispersal among and within five species of Trichogramma wasps: a comparative analysis

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: June 23, 2023

Major traits defining the life history of organisms are often not independent from each other, with most their variation aligning along key axes such as pace-of-life axis. We can define a axis structuring reproduction and development time continuum less-fecund, longer-developing ″slow″ types to more-fecund, shorter-developing ″fast″ types. Such axes, potential associations or syndromes other dispersal, however universal; in particular, support for presence may be taxon taxonomic scale-dependent. Knowing about life-history strategies especially important understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics, these trait constrain correlated traits. To understand how effective dispersal covary, we measured controlled conditions 28 lines five species Trichogramma, which small endoparasitoid wasps frequently used biological model experimental evolution but also biocontrol against Lepidoptera pests. found partial evidence at interspecific level: higher fecundity had faster time. However, faster-developing were more likely delay egg-laying, that is usually interpreted ″slow″. There was no similar covariation patterns within-species line level. limited between lines, accordingly, did detect any correlation probability discuss expanding our design by accounting density-dependence both pace might improve those they interact other. Overall, results highlight importance exploring ″right″ scale, multiple scales, (co)evolution They suggest optimizing reproductive maximize efficiency difficult programs using only one species.

Language: Английский

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