Time scales and moments of listening effort revealed in pupillometry DOI Open Access
Matthew B. Winn

Published: May 2, 2022

This paper offers a collection of observations that highlight the value timecourse data in pupillometry and points out ways which these create deeper understanding listening effort. The main message is effort should be considered on moment-to-moment basis rather than as singular amount. A review various studies re-analysis reveal distinct signatures before stimulus, during moments after changes over whole experimental testing sessions. Collectively motivate questions extend beyond “amount” effort, toward how long lasts, precisely someone can allocate at specific time or reduce other times. Apparent disagreements between are reconsidered informative lessons about stimulus selection nature pupil dilation reflection decision making difficulty sensory encoding.

Language: Английский

A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid-level arousal DOI Creative Commons
Lola Beerendonk, Jorge F. Mejías, Stijn A. Nuiten

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(5)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of brain, which fluctuates over time a scale hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between task performance captured by an inverted U-shape, as put forward in Yerkes–Dodson law. This law suggests optimal at moderate levels impaired low or high levels. However, despite its popularity, evidence for this humans mixed best. Here, we use pupil-indexed data from various perceptual tasks to provide converging U-shaped spontaneous fluctuations across different decision types (discrimination, detection) sensory modalities (visual, auditory). To further understand relationship, built neurobiologically plausible mechanistic model show that it possible reproduce our findings incorporating two interneurons are both modulated signal. architecture produces dynamical regimes under influence arousal: one regime increases with another decreases arousal, together forming arousal–performance relationship. We conclude general robust property processing. It might be brought about act disinhibitory pathway neural populations encode available used decision.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
State-dependent pupil dilation rapidly shifts visual feature selectivity DOI
Katrin Franke, Konstantin F. Willeke, Kayla Ponder

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 610(7930), P. 128 - 134

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

46
The Locus Coeruleus: Where Cognitive and Emotional Processing Meet the Eye DOI
Ringo Huang, David Clewett

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 75

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid-level arousal DOI Creative Commons
Lola Beerendonk, Jorge F. Mejías, Stijn A. Nuiten

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 29, 2023

Abstract Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of brain, which fluctuates over time a scale hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between task performance captured by an inverted U-shape, as put forward in Yerkes-Dodson law (Yerkes Dodson, 1908). This suggests optimal at moderate levels arousal, impaired low or high levels. However, despite its popularity, evidence for this humans mixed best. Here, we use pupil-indexed data from various perceptual tasks to provide converging U-shaped spontaneous fluctuations across different decision types (discrimination, detection) sensory modalities (visual, auditory). To further understand relationship, built neurobiologically plausible mechanistic model show that it possible reproduce our findings incorporating two interneurons are both modulated signal. architecture produces dynamical regimes under influence arousal: one regime increases with another decreases together forming arousal-performance relationship. We conclude general robust property processing. It might be brought about act disinhibitory pathway neural populations encode available used decision. Significance statement When people repeatedly performing exact same task, their time. One causes behavioral variability arousal. According law, species’ very until now, supporting mechanism human mixed, may explain lacking. holds observers settings. Furthermore, present simple can existence.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Task-specific invariant representation in auditory cortex DOI Creative Commons
Charles R. Heller, Gregory R. Hamersky, Stephen V. David

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Categorical sensory representations are critical for many behaviors, including speech perception. In the auditory system, categorical information is thought to arise hierarchically, becoming increasingly prominent in higher-order cortical regions. The neural mechanisms that support this robust and flexible computation remain poorly understood. Here, we studied sound ferret primary non-primary cortex while animals engaged a challenging discrimination task. Population-level decoding of simultaneously recorded single neurons revealed task engagement caused emerge cortex. cortex, general enhancement was not specific task-relevant categories. These findings consistent with mixed selectivity models disentanglement, which early regions build an overcomplete representation world allow downstream brain flexibly selectively read out behaviorally relevant, information.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Combining pupillometry and drift-diffusion models reveals auditory category learning dynamics DOI Creative Commons
Jacie R. McHaney, Casey L. Roark, Matthew J. McGinley

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 20, 2024

Abstract Pupillometry and drift-diffusion models (DDM) have emerged as powerful tools to offer insights into learning processes decisional dynamics. Specifically, pupillary dilation can serve a metric of arousal cognitive processing, DDMs examine underlying perceptual decision-making using behavioral accuracies response times. Methodological constraints complicated the combination two methods in study learning. require precise times, yet responses are slow impacted by motor movements. Here, we developed task that separately optimized measurement times pupil during We modified standard paradigm include trials with without timing delays between stimulus presentation response. Delayed pupil, while immediate tested whether estimated could be recovered from delayed where was optimized. Our results indicated on showed distinct markers were not present trials. DDM parameters also expected trends for Finally, demonstrated elicit differential responses. Together, these indicate dynamics decoded

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Task-specific invariant representation in auditory cortex DOI Creative Commons
Charles R. Heller, Gregory R. Hamersky, Stephen V. David

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Categorical sensory representations are critical for many behaviors, including speech perception. In the auditory system, categorical information is thought to arise hierarchically, becoming increasingly prominent in higher-order cortical regions. The neural mechanisms that support this robust and flexible computation remain poorly understood. Here, we studied sound ferret primary non-primary cortex while animals engaged a challenging discrimination task. Population-level decoding of simultaneously recorded single neurons revealed task engagement caused emerge cortex. cortex, general enhancement was not specific task-relevant categories. These findings consistent with mixed selectivity models disentanglement, which early regions build an overcomplete representation world allow downstream brain flexibly selectively read out behaviorally relevant, information.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Time scales and moments of listening effort revealed in pupillometry DOI Open Access
Matthew B. Winn

Published: May 2, 2022

This paper offers a collection of observations that highlight the value timecourse data in pupillometry and points out ways which these create deeper understanding listening effort. The main message is effort should be considered on moment-to-moment basis rather than as singular amount. A review various studies re-analysis reveal distinct signatures before stimulus, during moments after changes over whole experimental testing sessions. Collectively motivate questions extend beyond “amount” effort, toward how long lasts, precisely someone can allocate at specific time or reduce other times. Apparent disagreements between are reconsidered informative lessons about stimulus selection nature pupil dilation reflection decision making difficulty sensory encoding.

Language: Английский

Citations

0