Avian influenza overview December 2022 – March 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Between 3 December 2022 and 1 March 2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, was reported in Europe domestic (522) wild (1,138) birds over 24 countries. An unexpected number of HPAI virus detections sea were observed, mainly gull species particularly black-headed gulls (large mortality events observed France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy). The close genetic relationship among viruses collected from suggests a southward spread virus. Moreover, analyses indicate that persisted residential during after summer months. Although retained preferential binding for avian-like receptors, several mutations associated to increased zoonotic potential detected. risk infection poultry due circulating other might increase coming months, as breeding bird colonies move inland with possible overlap production areas. Worldwide, continued Americas, Mexico southern Chile. Peruvian pelican most frequently infected thousands deaths being reported. reporting mammals also probably linked feeding on birds. In Peru, mass event lions January February 2023. Since October 2022, six humans Cambodia (a family cluster 2 people, 2.3.2.1c), China (2, 2.3.4.4b), Ecuador (1, Vietnam unspecified clade), well two A(H5N6) human infections China. currently H5 2.3.4.4b is assessed low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally or otherwise exposed people.

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 29, 2023

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, Africa. By the end 2021, were detected North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that western movement was quickly followed by reassortment with circulating resulting acquisition different combinations ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant are genotypically phenotypically diverse, many causing severe disease dramatic neurologic involvement mammals. The proclivity current virus lineage to reassort target central nervous system warrants concerted planning combat spread evolution within continent mitigate impact a potential pandemic could originate from similar reassortants.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview April – June 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Between 29 April and 23 June 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) outbreaks were reported in domestic (98) wild (634) birds across 25 countries Europe. A cluster of mulard ducks for foie gras production was concentrated Southwest France, whereas the overall situation poultry Europe worldwide has eased. In birds, black-headed gulls several new seabird species, mostly terns (e.g. sandwich terns), heavily affected, with increased mortality being observed both adults juveniles after hatching. Compared to same period last year, dead seabirds have been increasingly found inland not only along European coastlines. As regards mammals, identified 24 cats one caracal Poland between 10 30 2023. Affected animals showed neurological respiratory signs, sometimes mortality, widely scattered nine voivodeships country. All cases are genetically closely related viruses detected (since October 2022, but now sporadic) (December 2022-January 2023) past. Uncertainties still exist around their possible source infection, no feline-to-feline or feline-to-human transmission so far. Since May 2023 as 4 July two clade 2.3.4.4b detections humans from United Kingdom, A(H9N2) A(H5N6) human infections China. addition, person infected A(H3N8) China died. The risk infection currently circulating H5 remains low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally otherwise exposed people mammals (wild domesticated).

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview March – April 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Between 2 March and 28 April 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5Nx) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, outbreaks were reported in domestic (106) wild (610) birds across 24 countries Europe. Poultry occurred less frequently compared to the previous reporting period spring 2022. Most of these classified as primary without secondary spread some them associated with atypical disease presentation, particular low mortality. In birds, black-headed gulls continued be heavily affected, while also other threatened bird species, such peregrine falcon, showed increased The ongoing epidemic gulls, many which breed inland, may increase risk for poultry, especially July-August, when first-year disperse from breeding colonies. HPAI A(H5N1) virus expand Americas, including mammalian is expected reach Antarctic near future. infections detected six mammal particularly marine mammals mustelids, first time, viruses currently circulating Europe retain a preferential binding avian-like receptors. Since 13 2022 10 May two 2.3.4.4b detections humans China (1), Chile well three A(H9N2) one A(H3N8) human China. infection H5 remains general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally or otherwise exposed people.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview September–December 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Between 2 September and 1 December 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks were reported in domestic (88) wild (175) birds across 23 countries Europe.Compared to previous years, the increase number of HPAI virus detections waterfowl has been delayed, possibly due a later start autumn migration several bird species.Common cranes most frequently affected species during this reporting period with mortality events being described European countries.Most poultry primary following introduction by birds, exception Hungary, where two clusters involving secondary spread occurred.HPAI viruses identified Europe belonged eleven different genotypes, seven which new.With regard mammals, serological survey conducted all fur farms Finland revealed 29 additional serologically positive period.Wild mammals continued be mostly Americas, from further into Antarctic region was for first time.Since last report as three fatal one severe human A(H5N1) infection clade 2.3.2.1c have Cambodia, A(H9N2) China.No infections related animals reported, remain rare event.The risk currently circulating H5 2.3.4.4b remains low general population EU/EEA.The moderate occupationally or otherwise exposed people infected (wild domesticated); assessment covers situations that depend on level exposure.

Language: Английский

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Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerged in wild birds Chile December 2022 and spilled over into poultry, marine mammals, one human. Between 9, - March 14, 2023, a coordinated government/academic response detected HPAIV by real-time RT-PCR 8.5% (412/4735) of samples from 23 3 mammal orders. Whole-genome sequences obtained 77 8 mammals revealed that all Chilean belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b cluster monophyletically with Peru, indicating single introduction North America Peru/Chile. Mammalian adaptations were identified the PB2 segment: D701N two sea lions, human, shorebird, Q591K human lion. Minor variant analysis was present 52.9 70.9% sequence reads, presence both genotypes within hosts. Further surveillance spillover events is warranted assess emergence potential onward transmission mammalian adapted South America.

Language: Английский

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) strongly impacts wild birds in Peru

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 110272 - 110272

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Spreading of the High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus of Clade 2.3.4.4b into Uruguay

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1906 - 1906

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Avian influenza viruses (genus

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza, new aspects of an old threat

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(19)

Published: May 11, 2023

Preview this article: Avian influenza, new aspects of an old threat, Page 1 < Previous page | Next > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/28/19/eurosurv-28-19-1-1.gif

Language: Английский

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The neuropathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in mammalian species including humans

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(11), P. 953 - 970

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage in birds regularly causes infections mammals, including humans. In many mammalian species, are associated with severe neurological disease, a unique feature HPAI compared other A viruses. Here, we provide an overview neuropathogenesis virus infection centered on three aspects: neuroinvasion, neurotropism, and neurovirulence. We focus vitro studies, as well studies naturally or experimentally infected mammals. Additionally, discuss contribution viral factors to efficacy intervention strategies prevent neuroinvasion development disease.

Language: Английский

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