Phylogenetic reduction of the magnocellular red nucleus in primates and inter-subject variability in humans DOI Creative Commons
Martin Stacho, Alexander N. Häusler,

Andrea Brandstetter

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 13, 2024

Introduction The red nucleus is part of the motor system controlling limb movements. While this seems to be a function common in many vertebrates, its organization and circuitry have undergone massive changes during evolution. In primates, it sub-divided into magnocellular parvocellular parts that give rise rubrospinal rubro-olivary connection, respectively. These two subdivisions are subject striking variation within primates size markedly reduced bipedal including humans. olivo-cerebellar prominent Despite well-described differences between species literature, systematic comparative studies remain rare. Methods We therefore mapped cytoarchitectonic sections 20 primate belonging 5 groups prosimians, new world monkeys, old non-human apes used Ornstein-Uhlenbeck modelling, ancestral state estimation phylogenetic analysis covariance scrutinize relations volume. Results created openly available high-resolution delineations human microscopic BigBrain model probabilistic maps capture inter-subject variations quantitative terms. Further, we compared volume across showed subdivision scaled proportionally brain while deviated significantly from scaling humans apes. lowest relative whole largest difference subdivision. Discussion That is, has transformed magnocellular-dominated parvocellular-dominated station. It reasonable assume these intertwined with evolutionary developments other regions, particular system. speculate interspecies might partly reflect hand dexterity but also tentative involvement sensory cognitive functions.

Language: Английский

The coming decade of digital brain research: A vision for neuroscience at the intersection of technology and computing DOI Creative Commons
Katrin Amunts, Markus Axer, Swati Banerjee

et al.

Imaging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 35

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract In recent years, brain research has indisputably entered a new epoch, driven by substantial methodological advances and digitally enabled data integration modelling at multiple scales—from molecules to the whole brain. Major are emerging intersection of neuroscience with technology computing. This science combines high-quality research, across scales, culture multidisciplinary large-scale collaboration, translation into applications. As pioneered in Europe’s Human Brain Project (HBP), systematic approach will be essential for meeting coming decade’s pressing medical technological challenges. The aims this paper to: develop concept decade digital discuss community large, identify points convergence, derive therefrom scientific common goals; provide framework current future development EBRAINS, infrastructure resulting from HBP’s work; inform engage stakeholders, funding organisations institutions regarding research; address transformational potential comprehensive models artificial intelligence, including machine learning deep learning; outline collaborative that integrates reflection, dialogues, societal engagement on ethical opportunities challenges as part research.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
From fossils to mind DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra A. de Sousa, Amélie Beaudet, Tanya Calvey

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 13, 2023

Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, developmental plasticity. Through application interdisciplinary techniques fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on organization behaviors. Inferences development physiology extinct species can be experimentally investigated through organoids transgenic models based ancient DNA. Phylogenetic methods integrate data across associate genotypes phenotypes, Meanwhile, archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. cooperation, scientific community accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves availability rare fossils artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical available online databases, along with tools for their measurement analysis. In context these advances, paleoneurological provides ample opportunity future research. Biomedical ecological sciences benefit paleoneurology's approach understanding mind as well its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes behavior.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding in mammals DOI Creative Commons
Katja Heuer, Nicolas Traut, Alexandra A. de Sousa

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

The process of brain folding is thought to play an important role in the development and organisation cerebrum cerebellum. study cerebellar challenging due small size abundance its folia. In consequence, little known about anatomical diversity evolution. We constituted open collection histological data from 56 mammalian species manually segmented developed methods measure geometry folia estimate thickness molecular layer. used phylogenetic comparative evolution relationship with anatomy cerebrum. Our results show that cerebral follows a stabilising selection process. observed two groups phenotypes changing concertedly through evolution: group 'diverse' - varying over several orders magnitude together body size, 'stable' less than 1 order across species. analyses confirmed strong correlation between volumes species, showed addition large cerebella are disproportionately more folded smaller ones. Compared extreme variations surface area, folial layer varied only slightly, showing much increase larger cerebella. discuss how these findings could provide new insights into folding, mechanisms their potential influence on

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Phylogenetic reduction of the magnocellular red nucleus in primates and inter-subject variability in humans DOI Creative Commons
Martin Stacho, Alexander N. Häusler,

Andrea Brandstetter

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: March 13, 2024

Introduction The red nucleus is part of the motor system controlling limb movements. While this seems to be a function common in many vertebrates, its organization and circuitry have undergone massive changes during evolution. In primates, it sub-divided into magnocellular parvocellular parts that give rise rubrospinal rubro-olivary connection, respectively. These two subdivisions are subject striking variation within primates size markedly reduced bipedal including humans. olivo-cerebellar prominent Despite well-described differences between species literature, systematic comparative studies remain rare. Methods We therefore mapped cytoarchitectonic sections 20 primate belonging 5 groups prosimians, new world monkeys, old non-human apes used Ornstein-Uhlenbeck modelling, ancestral state estimation phylogenetic analysis covariance scrutinize relations volume. Results created openly available high-resolution delineations human microscopic BigBrain model probabilistic maps capture inter-subject variations quantitative terms. Further, we compared volume across showed subdivision scaled proportionally brain while deviated significantly from scaling humans apes. lowest relative whole largest difference subdivision. Discussion That is, has transformed magnocellular-dominated parvocellular-dominated station. It reasonable assume these intertwined with evolutionary developments other regions, particular system. speculate interspecies might partly reflect hand dexterity but also tentative involvement sensory cognitive functions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1