Avian influenza overview April – June 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Between 29 April and 23 June 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) outbreaks were reported in domestic (98) wild (634) birds across 25 countries Europe. A cluster of mulard ducks for foie gras production was concentrated Southwest France, whereas the overall situation poultry Europe worldwide has eased. In birds, black-headed gulls several new seabird species, mostly terns (e.g. sandwich terns), heavily affected, with increased mortality being observed both adults juveniles after hatching. Compared to same period last year, dead seabirds have been increasingly found inland not only along European coastlines. As regards mammals, identified 24 cats one caracal Poland between 10 30 2023. Affected animals showed neurological respiratory signs, sometimes mortality, widely scattered nine voivodeships country. All cases are genetically closely related viruses detected (since October 2022, but now sporadic) (December 2022-January 2023) past. Uncertainties still exist around their possible source infection, no feline-to-feline or feline-to-human transmission so far. Since May 2023 as 4 July two clade 2.3.4.4b detections humans from United Kingdom, A(H9N2) A(H5N6) human infections China. addition, person infected A(H3N8) China died. The risk infection currently circulating H5 remains low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally otherwise exposed people mammals (wild domesticated).

Language: Английский

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Asymptomatic infection with clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in carnivore pets, Italy, April 2023

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(35)

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

In April 2023, an outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses carrying the T271A mammalian adaptive mutation in PB2 protein was detected a backyard poultry farm Italy. Five domestic dogs and one cat living on premises had seroconverted absence clinical signs. Virological serological monitoring individuals exposed to virus proved human transmission, however, asymptomatic infections pets may have important public health implications.

Language: Английский

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The neuropathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in mammalian species including humans

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(11), P. 953 - 970

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage in birds regularly causes infections mammals, including humans. In many mammalian species, are associated with severe neurological disease, a unique feature HPAI compared other A viruses. Here, we provide an overview neuropathogenesis virus infection centered on three aspects: neuroinvasion, neurotropism, and neurovirulence. We focus vitro studies, as well studies naturally or experimentally infected mammals. Additionally, discuss contribution viral factors to efficacy intervention strategies prevent neuroinvasion development disease.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of Astroviruses in Different Animal Species in Poland

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 80 - 80

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Astroviruses (AstVs) are small RNA viruses characterized by a high mutation rate, the ability to recombine, and interspecies transmission, which allows them infect multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, farmed animals as well wildlife. AstVs stable in environment, their transmission is usually through fecal-oral route or via contaminated water food. Although direct zoonotic was not confirmed, events have occurred been indicated occur past between wild domestic humans. They cause large economic losses, mainly poultry sector, due gastroenteritis mortality. In young children, they second most common diarrhea. This study involved 166 intestine samples pools spleen, lymph node, kidney collected from 352 52 pigs, 31 animals. were detected separately tissue prepared for individual using heminested RT-PCR protocol. Amplicons subjected Sanger sequencing, phylogenetic analysis 320 nt RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) fragments referring known sequences astroviruses performed. Astroviral and/or red foxes (nine positive intestines six pools), rats (two three cat (one AstV an sample), pigs (eight boars spleens, kidneys, nodes). No astroviral mustelids, dogs, other rodents. A revealed that during this mostly host-specific, such porcine, canine, rat highly homologous reference strains. one two boars, distinct porcine species found with highest identity

Language: Английский

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New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 101 - 101

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

From 2020 up to summer 2023, there was a substantial change in the situation concerning high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus Europe. This concerned mainly circulation within wildlife, both wild birds and mammals. It involved seasonality of HPAI detections, species affected, excess mortality events, apparent increased level contamination birds. The knock-on effect new impacts challenges for poultry sector, which is affected by repeated annual waves arriving with migratory risks due viral resident across year. Indeed, exceeding expectations, sectors production areas have been during recent seasons France. strains also generate considerable concern about human health because enhanced barrier crossing. In this article, we present these changes detail, along required adjustment prevention, control, surveillance strategies, focusing specifically on

Language: Английский

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Infection of South American coatis (Nasua nasua) with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus displaying mammalian adaptive mutations.

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 106895 - 106895

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Susceptibility of Mammals to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Qualitative Risk Assessment From the Belgian Perspective

Zoonoses and Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT Aims The world experienced a huge number of outbreaks highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds, which could represent one the largest registered epidemics infectious disease food‐producing animals. Therefore, mammals, including humans, are continuously exposed to HPAI viruses leading sporadic and sometimes unusual mammal infections. aim this paper is assess risk crossing avian/mammalian species barrier by currently circulating viruses, focusing on epidemiological situation Belgium, representative country for Western Europe. Methods Results Information transmission pathways susceptibility, based experimental data, was reviewed weighted infection with A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b. This defined as likelihood birds crossed clinical consequences animal. From Belgian perspective, it concluded that remains ‘low’ ‘moderate’ captive/domestic species. However, categorised ‘high’ certain species, i.e. mammals have opportunity frequent direct or indirect close contacts infected (dead) such wild felids, mustelids, foxes marine carnivore mammals. For some uncertainty associated assessment high due an ever‐changing situation. Conclusions longer virus will continue circulate wildlife/the environment stronger probability contact between become. increase related viral adaptation efficient mammal, posing concerns public health. Regular reassessments field data therefore necessary implement adapt risk‐based mitigation measures. require continuous monitoring both well sharing sequence data.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of the Growth Performance of 12 Crossbred Korean Native Chickens and Commercial Layer from Hatch to 16 Weeks

Korean Journal of Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 303 - 310

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

The current study was conducted to compare the effect of crossbred on body weight and laying performance Korean native chicken from hatch week 40. A total 873 one-day-old chicks were divided into twelve crossbreds (i.e., CFCK, CFYC, CFYD, CKCF, CKYC, CKYD, YCYD, YCCF, YCCK, YDCF, YDCK, YDYC) commercial layer (Hy-Line Brown) obtained as a counterpart in study. All birds are raised battery cages (76 × 61 46 cm³) then until 14 weeks subsequently moved (60 25 45 16 weeks. viability measured biweekly hatching 16. 16, range about 1,010.24 1,411.77 g. specific crossbreeds found be comparable that Hy-Line Brown). 55 100% however 80 100%. CKCF) recorded superior (P<0.05) throughout whole experiment period, even compared with Brown (100% vs 96%). Our results indicating including YDYC has potential enhance key features hens during growing phase like optimal higher viability.

Language: Английский

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Avian Influenza Surveillance in Pigs, Dogs, Chickens and Slaughter Slabs Biosecurity in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 17 - 26

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease likely to be exposed dog, pig and poultry owners & their processors who are in close contact during processing of these animals Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. The study assessed the biosecurity practice pig, poultry, dog slaughter slabs; prevalence Influenza (H5 subtype) antibodies dogs, pigs, chickens Metropolis. slab practices were evaluated using questionnaires while H5 surveillance was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test. Serum samples from 45 104 pigs 75 tested for subtype. subtype dogs 2.2% with mean titre 9.0 ± 0 log2 chicken 6.7% 8.5 0.32 respectively. All sera negative antibodies. central market railway station live bird markets 4.3% 13% present metropolis. There need targeted avian should incorporated national program.

Language: Английский

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