Starvation differentially affects gene expression, immunity and pathogen susceptibility across symbiotic states in a model cnidarian

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2017)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Mutualistic symbioses between cnidarians and photosynthetic algae are modulated by complex interactions host immunity environmental conditions. Here, we investigate how symbiosis interacts with food limitation to influence gene expression stress response programming in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (Aiptasia). Transcriptomic responses starvation were similar symbiotic aposymbiotic Aiptasia; however, stronger. Starved Aiptasia of both states exhibited increased protein levels immune-related transcription factor NF-κB, its associated pathways, putative target genes. However, this starvation-induced increase NF-κB correlated only anemones. Furthermore, had opposite effects on susceptibility pathogen oxidative challenges, suggesting distinct energetic priorities under scarce Finally, when compared those a facultative coral non-symbiotic anemone, ‘defence’ similarly regulated coral, but not anemone. This pattern suggests that capacity for influences immune cnidarians. In summary, certain pathways—including NF-κB—does necessarily predict pathogens, highlighting complexities cnidarian varying demands.

Language: Английский

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Trade-off between photosymbiosis and innate immunity influences cnidarian’s response to pathogenic bacteria

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2032)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Mutualistic relationships with photosynthetic organisms are common in cnidarians, which form an intracellular symbiosis dinoflagellates the family Symbiodiniaceae. The establishment and maintenance of these symbionts associated suppression key host immune factors. Because this, there potential trade-offs between nutrition that cnidarian hosts gain from their ability to successfully defend themselves pathogens. To investigate trade-offs, we utilized facultatively symbiotic polyps upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana exposed aposymbiotic pathogen Serratia marcescens . Symbiotic had a lower probability survival following S. exposure. Gene expression analyses 24 hours exposure indicate animals mounted more damaging response, higher levels inflammation oxidative stress likely resulting severe disruptions cellular homeostasis. Underlying this response may be differences constitutive pathogen-induced transcription factors rather than broadscale during symbiosis. Our findings polyps, hosting limits C. xamachana’ s survive exposure, indicating trade-off immunity has implications for coral disease research.

Language: Английский

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Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies disease outbreaks. Although isolated effects these stressors have been well documented, a growing body literature suggests that interact, resulting complex on ecosystems. This includes coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress had profound impacts. Here we used model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior increased susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility physiology (symbiosis, immunity, energetics) following recovery from stress. observed anemones previously exposed Notably, reduced energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), activity multiple immune components. Minimal symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes availability might strongest effect immunity The presented here provide critical insight regarding interplay cnidarians are an important first step towards understanding temporal stressors.

Language: Английский

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Immune System Components in Cnidarians

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Prior heat stress increases pathogen susceptibility in the model cnidarianExaptasia diaphana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change has significantly altered terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally, often in the form of climate-related events such as thermal anomalies disease outbreaks. Although isolated effects these stressors have been well documented, a growing body literature suggests that interact, resulting complex on ecosystems, including coral reefs where sequential associations between heat stress had profound impacts. Here we used model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana to investigate mechanisms linking prior increased susceptibility. We examined anemone pathogen susceptibility physiology (symbiosis, immunity, energetics) following recovery from stress. observed anemones previously exposed Notably, reduced energetic reserves (carbohydrate concentration), activity multiple immune components. Minimal symbiont density were observed. Together, results suggest changes availability might strongest effect immunity The presented here provide critical insight regarding interplay cnidarians are an important first step towards understanding temporal stressors.

Language: Английский

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