History of Health at Cayo Santiago—An Investigation of Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Skeletal Remains of the Introduced Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Colony

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque colony is a renowned primate population that has experienced significant natural and anthropogenic ecological variation in their 85‐year history. Demographic familial information also tracked collated for the majority of monkeys. Thus, health history macaques at should reflect impacts both environmental genetic factors. In this study, we utilized sample skeletal remains comprised 2787 individuals (1571 females, 1091 males), born between 1938 2017 from derived collection to assess survivorship, pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), dental eruption status, context hurricane impacts, nutritional fluctuations, matriline genealogy. Results demonstrated exhibit range pathologies encompass biomedical archaeological significance, multiple etiologies, severities, locations, types, addition secular trend declining BMD hypothesized decreasing physical activity levels under increasing densities. Specifically, were found increase rate systemic disease, decrease young adults, delay primary dentition. Certain matrilines exhibited heightened disease early ages while others greater rates congenital disease. Early‐life adversity, through experience major hurricanes, may enhance inflammatory pathways, heightening risk accelerating aging process leading reduced BMD. Such underly observed infection post‐hurricane intensification pathogen transmission brought on by hurricane‐adaptive social strategies favor closer proximity. Familial susceptibility indicates heritable host factors are likely influencing patterning population. A cluster diseases most convincingly illustrate this, or alternatively reflects low diversity

Language: Английский

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A future food boom rescues the negative effects of early-life adversity on adult lifespan in a small mammal

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2021)

Published: April 24, 2024

Early-life adversity, even when transient, can have lasting effects on individual phenotypes and reduce lifespan across species. If these be mitigated by a high-quality later-life environment, then differences in future resources may explain variable resilience to early-life adversity. Using data from over 1000 wild North American red squirrels, we tested the hypothesis that costs of adversity for adult could offset food abundance. We identified six adversities reduced juvenile survival first year life, though only one—birth date—had continued independent lifespan. built weighted (wELA) index integrating sum their effect sizes. Greater predicted shorter lifespans males females, but naturally occurring boom second life ameliorated this effect. Experimental supplementation did not replicate pattern, despite increasing lifespan, indicating buffering hinge more than an increase available calories. Our results suggest non-deterministic role conditions phenotype, highlighting importance evaluating consequences context animal's entire course.

Language: Английский

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Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1916)

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Exposure to early life adversity is linked detrimental fitness outcomes across taxa. Owing the challenges of collecting longitudinal data, direct evidence for long-term effects from long-lived species remains relatively scarce. Here, we test on male and female longevity in a free-ranging population rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We leveraged six decades data quantify relative importance 10 forms 6599 macaques. Individuals that experienced more died earlier than those less adversity. Mortality risk was highest during life, defined as birth 4 years old, but heightened mortality also present survived adulthood. Females males were affected differently by some adversity, these differences might be driven varying energetic demands dispersal patterns. Our results show consequences are not uniform individuals vary function type timing social context, thus contribute our limited growing understanding evolution sensitivities. This article part discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age society using natural populations’

Language: Английский

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The fortunes and misfortunes of social life across the life course: A new era of research from field, laboratory and comparative studies

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 105655 - 105655

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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