Eukaryotic CD-NTase, STING, and viperin proteins evolved via domain shuffling, horizontal transfer, and ancient inheritance from prokaryotes DOI Creative Commons
Edward M. Culbertson, Tera C. Levin

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. e3002436 - e3002436

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Animals use a variety of cell-autonomous innate immune proteins to detect viral infections and prevent replication. Recent studies have discovered that subset mammalian antiviral homology antiphage defense in bacteria, implying there are aspects immunity shared across the Tree Life. While majority these focused on characterizing diversity biochemical functions bacterial proteins, evolutionary relationships between animal less clear. This ambiguity is partly due long distances separating which obscures their relationships. Here, we tackle this problem for 3 families (CD-NTases [including cGAS], STINGs, viperins) by deeply sampling protein eukaryotes. We find viperins OAS family CD-NTases ancient likely inherited since earliest eukaryotes first arose. In contrast, other were acquired via at least 4 independent events horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Two allowed algae acquire new viperins, while 2 more HGT gave rise distinct superfamilies eukaryotic CD-NTases: cGLR superfamily (containing cGAS) has diversified series animal-specific duplications previously undefined eSMODS superfamily, closely resembles CD-NTases. Finally, found cGAS STING substantially different histories, with domains undergoing convergent domain shuffling bacteria Overall, our findings paint picture as highly dynamic, where build upon repertoires through reuse repeatedly rich reservoir genes.

Language: Английский

RNA-guided RNA silencing by an Asgard archaeal Argonaute DOI Creative Commons
Carolien Bastiaanssen, Pilar Bobadilla Ugarte, Kijun Kim

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 29, 2024

Abstract Argonaute proteins are the central effectors of RNA-guided RNA silencing pathways in eukaryotes, playing crucial roles gene repression and defense against viruses transposons. Eukaryotic Argonautes subdivided into two clades: AGOs generally facilitate miRNA- or siRNA-mediated silencing, while PIWIs piRNA-mediated silencing. It is currently unclear when how Argonaute-based mechanisms arose diverged during emergence early evolution eukaryotes. Here, we show that Asgard archaea, closest prokaryotic relatives an evolutionary expansion took place. In particular, a deep-branching PIWI protein (HrAgo1) encoded by genome Lokiarchaeon ‘ Candidatus Harpocratesius repetitus’ shares common origin with eukaryotic proteins. Contrasting known use single-stranded DNA as guides and/or targets, HrAgo1 mediates cleavage, facilitates expressed human cells supplied miRNA precursors. A cryo-EM structure HrAgo1, combined quantitative single-molecule experiments, reveals displays structural features target-binding modes mix those AGO Thus, this archaeal may have retained ancestral molecular architecture preceded functional mechanistic divergence PIWIs.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
The immune modules conserved across the tree of life: Towards a definition of ancestral immunity DOI Creative Commons
Aude Bernheim, Jean Cury, Enzo Z. Poirier

et al.

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. e3002717 - e3002717

Published: July 15, 2024

Immune defence mechanisms exist across the tree of life in such diversity that prokaryotic antiviral responses have historically been considered unrelated to eukaryotic immunity. Mechanisms divergent eukaryotes were similarly believed be largely clade specific. However, recent data indicate a subset modules (domains and proteins) from prokaryote systems are conserved populate many stages innate immune pathways. In this Essay, we propose notion ancestral immunity, which corresponds set between prokaryotes eukaryotes. After offering typology speculate on selective pressures could led differential conservation specific domains life. The exploration immunity is its infancy appears full promises illuminate evolution, also identify decipher economic, ecological, therapeutic importance.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Eukaryotic CD-NTase, STING, and viperin proteins evolved via domain shuffling, horizontal transfer, and ancient inheritance from prokaryotes DOI Creative Commons
Edward M. Culbertson, Tera C. Levin

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. e3002436 - e3002436

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Animals use a variety of cell-autonomous innate immune proteins to detect viral infections and prevent replication. Recent studies have discovered that subset mammalian antiviral homology antiphage defense in bacteria, implying there are aspects immunity shared across the Tree Life. While majority these focused on characterizing diversity biochemical functions bacterial proteins, evolutionary relationships between animal less clear. This ambiguity is partly due long distances separating which obscures their relationships. Here, we tackle this problem for 3 families (CD-NTases [including cGAS], STINGs, viperins) by deeply sampling protein eukaryotes. We find viperins OAS family CD-NTases ancient likely inherited since earliest eukaryotes first arose. In contrast, other were acquired via at least 4 independent events horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Two allowed algae acquire new viperins, while 2 more HGT gave rise distinct superfamilies eukaryotic CD-NTases: cGLR superfamily (containing cGAS) has diversified series animal-specific duplications previously undefined eSMODS superfamily, closely resembles CD-NTases. Finally, found cGAS STING substantially different histories, with domains undergoing convergent domain shuffling bacteria Overall, our findings paint picture as highly dynamic, where build upon repertoires through reuse repeatedly rich reservoir genes.

Language: Английский

Citations

20