bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: July 27, 2024
Abstract Sex dimorphism in immunity is commonly observed a wide variety of taxa and thought to arise from fundamental life history differences between females males. In Drosophila melanogaster , infection with different pathogens typically results modes immune sex dimorphism, male-or female-bias, likely due specific disease-causing mechanisms host-pathogen interactions. Studies showed that some pathways, such as IMD Toll, can explain these sex-dimorphic responses Drosophila. However, it unclear if the response D. are conserved, even closely related species. One window into identifying conserved evolving examine sex-differential expression immunity-related genes. Here, we aim understand whether two species, simulans show innate immunity, focusing on associated changes gene gram-negative bacterium, Providencia rettgeri . Survival, bacterial load, load upon death (BLUD) were investigated assess overall differences. males differed significantly survival, whereas did not. Enrichment analyses revealed both sexes species upregulate genes involved similar immune-related biological processes, but downregulated groups differed. We identified differential pathways IMD, Jak/STAT, their regulators, other classes (e.g., BOMs), well melanogaster, effector antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) regulated by more highly upregulated relative sexes. Moreover, uniquely initiated high levels negative feedback controlled overstimulation IMD. Genes Toll pathway also sex-differentially expressed higher level upregulation Remarkably, comparing across find employs conventional peptidoglycan recognition-driven PRR-SPE-Spz microbial protease recognition-based Psh-dependent activation Toll; contrast, appears solely rely this context. summary, our findings indicate for majority genes, while downregulation patterns subsets notable or
Language: Английский