CD8+ T cell epitope conservation in emerging H5N1 viruses suggests global protection DOI Creative Commons
Emma J. Grant, Stéphanie Gras

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Objectives The recent H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in the USA has sparked fresh fears of viruses causing next pandemic. To date, (clade 2.3.4.4b) cattle spread across several states USA, with humans infected following exposure to cows. This clade is also reportedly circulating Europe, Africa and South America. was detected a child returning Australia travel India where 2.3.2.1a) reported be circulating. There are no licenced vaccines against for humans. Current aim protect seasonal H1N1 H3N2 variants unlikely provide much protection different H5, or other viruses. CD8 + T cells known infection, enhancing viral control decreasing disease severity. Methods We recently compiled published list immunogenic influenza‐derived cell epitopes restricted most prevalent 10 HLA‐A, ‐B ‐C molecules worldwide. assessed conservation curated these A virus‐derived viruses' sequences at heart outbreak. Results identified that > 64% highly conserved (> 90% sequence identity) viruses, 60% (18/30) HLA‐I have least one epitope Together cumulative total 100% global coverage. Epitopes derived from NP, M1, PB2, NS1 PB1 proteins displayed highest level conservation. Conclusions Together, this analysis highlights globally there potential cross‐recognition may some towards current flu

Language: Английский

Preparedness, prevention and control related to zoonotic avian influenza DOI Creative Commons
Julio Álvarez, Anette Boklund, Sabine Dippel

et al.

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

A risk assessment framework was developed to evaluate the zoonotic potential of avian influenza (AI), focusing on virus mutations linked phenotypic traits related mammalian adaptation identified in literature. Virus sequences were screened for presence these and their geographical, temporal subtype-specific trends. Spillover events mammals (including humans) human seroprevalence studies also reviewed. Thirty-four associated with five (increased receptor specificity, haemagglutinin stability, neuraminidase enhanced polymerase activity evasion innate immunity) shortlisted. AI viruses (AIVs) carrying multiple adaptive belonged both low highly pathogenic subtypes, mainly A(H9N2), A(H7N9), A(H5N6) A(H3N8), sporadic primarily detected Asia. In EU/EEA, H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b, which have increased opportunities evolution due widespread circulation birds occasional cases/outbreaks mammals, acquired highest number traits. Adaptive traits, such as immune evasion, frequently acquired, while receptor-specific remained rare. Globally, cases remain rare, majority overall A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) A(H9N2) that are among subtypes tend a higher The main drivers include host characteristics, external factors increasing AIV exposure humans wild domestic (e.g. activities ecological factors). Comprehensive surveillance AIVs targeting whole genome sequencing animals is essential early detection efficient implementation control measures. All preparedness, preventive measures must be implemented under One Health tailored setting epidemiological situation; particular, monitoring, biosecurity, genomic global collaboration critical mitigating risks AIV.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Pre-existing H1N1 immunity reduces severe disease with bovine H5N1 influenza virus DOI Creative Commons
Valerie Le Sage,

Bailee D. Werner,

Grace A. Merrbach

et al.

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Abstract The emergence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle herds across the United States has caused multiple mild human infections. There is an urgent need to understand risk spillover into humans. Here, we show that pre-existing immunity from 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus provided protection mortality and severe clinical disease ferrets intranasally infected with bovine H5N1. immune exhibited a differential tissue tropism little viral dissemination organs outside respiratory tract significantly less found nasal secretions tract. Additionally, prior produced antibodies cross-reacted neuraminidase protein. Taken together, these results suggest humans may be linked seasonal viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
CD8+ T cell epitope conservation in emerging H5N1 viruses suggests global protection DOI Creative Commons
Emma J. Grant, Stéphanie Gras

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Objectives The recent H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in the USA has sparked fresh fears of viruses causing next pandemic. To date, (clade 2.3.4.4b) cattle spread across several states USA, with humans infected following exposure to cows. This clade is also reportedly circulating Europe, Africa and South America. was detected a child returning Australia travel India where 2.3.2.1a) reported be circulating. There are no licenced vaccines against for humans. Current aim protect seasonal H1N1 H3N2 variants unlikely provide much protection different H5, or other viruses. CD8 + T cells known infection, enhancing viral control decreasing disease severity. Methods We recently compiled published list immunogenic influenza‐derived cell epitopes restricted most prevalent 10 HLA‐A, ‐B ‐C molecules worldwide. assessed conservation curated these A virus‐derived viruses' sequences at heart outbreak. Results identified that > 64% highly conserved (> 90% sequence identity) viruses, 60% (18/30) HLA‐I have least one epitope Together cumulative total 100% global coverage. Epitopes derived from NP, M1, PB2, NS1 PB1 proteins displayed highest level conservation. Conclusions Together, this analysis highlights globally there potential cross‐recognition may some towards current flu

Language: Английский

Citations

1