Surviving threats: neural circuit and computational implications of a new taxonomy of defensive behaviour

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 269 - 282

Published: March 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Heterosynaptic Plasticity Underlies Aversive Olfactory Learning in Drosophila

Neuron, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 88(5), P. 985 - 998

Published: Dec. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Associative Learning in Invertebrates

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. a021709 - a021709

Published: April 15, 2015

Robert D. Hawkins1,2 and John H. Byrne3 1Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, York 10032 2New State Psychiatric Institute, 3Department Neurobiology Anatomy, The University Texas Medical School at Houston, 77030 Correspondence: rdh1{at}columbia.edu

Language: Английский

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Minds without spines: Evolutionarily inclusive animal ethics

Animal Sentience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(29)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Invertebrate animals are frequently lumped into a single category and denied welfare protections despite their considerable cognitive, behavioral, evolutionary diversity. Some ethical policy inroads have been made for cephalopod molluscs crustaceans, but the vast majority of arthropods, including insects, remain excluded from moral consideration. We argue that this exclusion is unwarranted given existing evidence. Anachronistic readings evolution, which view invertebrates as lower in scala naturae, continue to influence public common morality. The assumption small brains unlikely support cognition or sentience likewise persists, growing evidence arthropods converged on cognitive functions comparable those found vertebrates. also motivated by cognitive-affective biases covertly judgment, well flawed balancing scientific uncertainty against risk. All these factors shape attitudes toward basal vertebrates too, they particularly acute arthropod context. Moral consistency dictates same standards risk management justify extending consideration certain invertebrates. Moving beyond vertebrate-centered conception can clarify foundational concepts own right.

Language: Английский

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The Transition to Minimal Consciousness through the Evolution of Associative Learning

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Dec. 22, 2016

The minimal state of consciousness is sentience. This includes any phenomenal sensory experience – exteroceptive, such as vision and olfaction; interoceptive, pain hunger; or proprioceptive, the sense bodily position movement. We propose unlimited associative learning (UAL) marker evolutionary transition to (or sentience), its phylogenetically earliest sustainable manifestation driver evolution. define describe UAL at behavioral functional level argue that structural-anatomical implementations this mode in different taxa entail subjective feelings (sentience). end with a discussion implications our proposal for distribution animal kingdom, suggesting testable predictions, revisiting ongoing debate about function light approach.

Language: Английский

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Nonassociative learning implementation by a single memristor-based multi-terminal synaptic device

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(45), P. 18897 - 18904

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Animals' survival is dependent on their abilities to adapt the changing environment by adjusting behaviours, which related ubiquitous learning behaviour, nonassociative learning. Thus mimicking indispensable behaviour in organisms based electronic devices vital better achieve artificial neural networks and neuromorphic computing. Here a three terminal device consisting of an oxide-based memristor NMOS transistor proposed. The with gradual conductance tuning inherently functions as synapse between sensor neurons motor presents adjustable synaptic plasticity, while attached utilized mimic modulatory effect neuromodulator released inter neurons. Such memristor-based multi-terminal allows practical implementation significant single device. In this study, experience-induced modification both habituation sensitization, was successfully achieved. dependence behavioural response strength interval presented stimuli also discussed. offers feasible experimental advantages for further study systems devices.

Language: Английский

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RNA from TrainedAplysiaCan Induce an Epigenetic Engram for Long-Term Sensitization in UntrainedAplysia

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. ENEURO.0038 - 18.2018

Published: May 1, 2018

The precise nature of the engram, physical substrate memory, remains uncertain. Here, it is reported that RNA extracted from central nervous system Aplysia given long-term sensitization (LTS) training induced when injected into untrained animals; furthermore, RNA-induced sensitization, like training-induced required DNA methylation. In cellular experiments, treatment with trained animals was found to increase excitability in sensory neurons, but not motor dissociated naïve animals. Thus, behavioral, and a subset cellular, modifications characteristic form nonassociative memory (LTM) can be transferred by RNA. These results indicate sufficient generate an engram for LTS are consistent hypothesis epigenetic changes underlie storage .

Language: Английский

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INDEL detection, the ‘Achilles heel’ of precise genome editing: a survey of methods for accurate profiling of gene editing induced indels

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 48(21), P. 11958 - 11981

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Abstract Advances in genome editing technologies have enabled manipulation of genomes at the single base level. These are based on programmable nucleases (PNs) that include meganucleases, zinc-finger (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) given researchers ability to delete, insert or replace genomic DNA cells, tissues whole organisms. The great flexibility re-designing target specificity PNs has vastly expanded scope gene applications life science, shows promise for development next generation therapies. PN share principle inducing a double-strand break (DSB) user-specified site genome, followed by cellular repair induced DSB. PN-elicited DSBs mainly repaired non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) microhomology-mediated (MMEJ) pathways, which can elicit variety small insertion deletion (indel) mutations. If indels elicited protein coding sequence shift reading frame, targeted knock out (KO) readily be achieved using either available PNs. Despite ease inactivation achieved, practice, successful KO is not only determined efficiency NHEJ MMEJ repair; it also depends design properties utilized, delivery format chosen, preferred indel outcomes site, chromatin state relative activities pathways edited cells. variables preclude accurate prediction nature frequency indels. A key step any experiment therefore becomes detection, characterization quantification indel(s) In this survey, we briefly review naturally occurring their detection. Next, methods been developed detection PN-induced We outline experimental steps describe pros cons various help users decide suitable method application. highlight recent advances enable sensitive events cells regardless complexity, turning complex pool different into informative profiles. Finally, what learned about formation through use new how insight helping further advance field.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia associated cognitive decline

IBRO Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 57 - 63

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. DM can lead to number of secondary complications affecting multiple organs in the body including eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. The most common effect hyperglycemia on brain cognitive decline. It has been estimated that 20-70% people with have deficits. High blood sugar affects key areas involved learning, memory, spatial navigation, structural complexity made it prone variety pathological disorders, T2DM. Studies reported decline occur diabetes, which could go undetected for several years. Moreover, studies imaging suggest extensive effects different regions patients T2D. remains unclear whether diabetes-associated consequence or complication co-occurs exact mechanism underlying impairment diabetes complex; however, impaired glucose metabolism abnormal insulin function are thought play important roles. In this review, we tried summarize structure functions, along potential mechanisms T2DM-associated

Language: Английский

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Electrical stimulation: a novel therapeutic strategy to heal biological wounds

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(44), P. 32142 - 32173

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Electrical stimulation (ES) has emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality for enhancing biological wound healing.

Language: Английский

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