Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies, Standards, Architectures, and Converter Configurations

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 41218 - 41255

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are projected to be one of the major contributors energy transition in global transportation due their rapid expansion. High-level EVs integration into electricity grid will introduce many challenges for power planning, operation, stability, standards, and safety. Therefore, wide-scale adoption imposes research development charging systems EV supply equipment (EVSE) achieve expected solutions batteries as well improve ancillary services. Analysis status technologies is important accelerate with advanced control strategies discover a remedial solution negative impacts enhance desired efficiency support. This paper presents comprehensive review technologies, international architecture stations, converter configurations systems. The require dedicated topology, strategy, compatibility codes discharging ensure optimum operation An overview different terms onboard off-board chargers, AC-DC DC-DC configuration, AC DC-based station architectures evaluated. In addition, recent which integrated renewable sources presented identify train modern stations. Finally, future trends issues summarized direction research.

Language: Английский

---

A Comprehensive Review on Electric Vehicle: Battery Management System, Charging Station, Traction Motors

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 20994 - 21019

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widespread, and their usage is increasing as a result of air pollution rising fuel costs. EVs quickly gaining popularity green means transportation. By 2030, most cars will probably be battery-powered EVs. However, the development EV power transmission packed with important challenges an active topic research. In EVs, battery serves to store electrical energy. The DC-DC converter provides direct current (DC) link between inverter. A motor for vehicle's motion. Hence, this state-of-the-art exhaustive information about management systems (BMS), electronics converters, motors. Lithium-ion batteries more efficient applications, boost converters full bridge commonly used in use permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) induction (IM). renewable energy-based charging station fast specifications also clearly addressed applications.

Language: Английский

---

Ultra-fast charging of electric vehicles: A review of power electronics converter, grid stability and optimal battery consideration in multi-energy systems

Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 101112 - 101112

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

---

On-Board Chargers for High-Voltage Electric Vehicle Powertrains: Future Trends and Challenges

IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 189 - 207

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The powertrain voltages in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have witnessed an upward trend due to advantages such as reduced runtime losses and extremely high DC fast charging power levels; aiding range anxiety lower duration. This requires original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) re-assess the design of electronic sub-assemblies (ESAs). Due newly released standards, there are implications on on-board charger (OBC), which is one ESAs a BEV. paper performs comprehensive review identifying system-level use-case related challenges transitioning chargers higher compared state-of-the-art, while considering impact introduced standards like Megawatt Charging Systems (MCS) ChaoJi/ CHAdeMO 3.0. existing research academia proof-of-concept designs compatible for high-voltage sub-systems, factor correction (PFC) isolated DC-DC conversion stages consolidated. demand integration driven by cost-optimization targets, single-stage, traction-integrated, auxiliary unit (APU) integrated discussed. Finally, disparity between state-of-the-art technology future requirements defined establish direction areas.

Language: Английский

---

Review on Unidirectional Non-Isolated High Gain DC–DC Converters for EV Sustainable DC Fast Charging Applications

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 78299 - 78338

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Modern electrical transportation systems require eco-friendly refueling stations worldwide. This has attracted the interest of researchers toward a feasible optimal solution for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. EV can be simply classified as Slow (domestic use), Fast and Ultrafast (commercial use). study highlights recent advancements in commercial DC charging. The battery voltage varies widely from 36V to 900V according EVs. focuses on non-isolated unidirectional converters off-board Various standards references fast have been proposed. Complete is changed EVs, which are charged by grid supply obtained burning natural fuels, contributing environmental concerns. Sustainable sustainable energy sources will make future completely transportation. research gap complete transit located interfacing first step towards clean, identifying suitable converter bridging this locality. A simple approach made identify DC-DC fast-charging article carefully selected topologies derived Boost, SEPIC, Cuk, Luo, Zeta clean applications. detailed components count, stress controlled uncontrolled switches, gain obtained, output voltage, power rating converters, switching frequency, efficiency issues associated with presented. outcome presented challenges or expectations

Language: Английский

---

Mechanism Behind the Loss of Fast Charging Capability in Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(12)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Fast charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs), offering rapid times similar to conventional vehicle refueling, holds promise but faces obstacles owing kinetic issues within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Specifically, the significance of cathode materials in fast has grown because Ni-rich cathodes are employed enhance energy density LIBs. Herein, mechanism behind loss capability during extended cycling is investigated through a comparative analysis with different microstructures. The results revealed that microcracks and resultant deterioration significantly compromised over cycling. When thick rocksalt impurity phases form throughout particles electrolyte infiltration via microcracks, limited kinetics Li

Language: Английский

---

Sustainable plug-in electric vehicle integration into power systems

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 35 - 52

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Operating modes of grid integrated PV-solar based electric vehicle charging system- a comprehensive review

e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100519 - 100519

Published: March 29, 2024

The impact of air pollution on the world has been highlighted by World Health Organization (WHO), which contributed to growth emission-free and ecologically friendly transportation options such as electric vehicles (EVs). Between 2019 2020, EV sales climbed 43%, 2025, 14 million EVs are expected be sold worldwide. On other hand, have drawbacks expensive batteries, short lifespans, lack dependability, limited driving range, long charging periods. Integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) biomass, solar, wind power into infrastructures is gaining popularity. PV solar-powered benefits like cheaper fuel costs, easier installation, less demand grid for power, cost savings. Hybrid on-board systems offer reduced weight, faster charging, improved communication protocols. On-board chargers higher transfer but more difficult integrate with stations. Off-board include public, rapid, induction, home Advanced management can optimize preserve battery life. It recommended that future research concentrate development sophisticated control algorithms, integration wireless extension fast-charging infrastructure, innovation in materials, compatibility many vehicles, optimization interface enhance efficiency user experience. standalone grid-connected photovoltaic covered this paper, along an explanation various modes operation these systems. There also a quick kinds chargers, their capacities, specifications. comparisons paper useful resources scholars who interested learning about facilities.

Language: Английский

---

A Novel Hexagonal Switched Capacitor Unit (HSCU) Design With Seven‐Level Multilevel Inverter Topology

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new switched capacitor (SC) unit is proposed, which provides solution for the multiple DC voltage requirement of multi‐level inverters (MLIs). The proposed hexagonal (HSCU) contains SCs that have self‐balancing ability and do not require any additional circuits. HSCU three boosts using only one source with four power switches, two capacitors, discrete diodes. A comparison related topologies in literature indicates topology requires considerably fewer devices than others. To suppress impulsive charging currents soft cell (SCC) utilized. Experimental results demonstrate SCC effectively suppresses current peaks, contributing to improved circuit performance. addition, 7L SC‐MLI has successfully passed simulation experimental realization tests nearest level control (NLC) modulation techniques sinusoidal pulse width (SPWM) techniques. Response dynamic changes frequency, index (MI) load been verified through tests. Power loss analysis was performed PLECS software, efficiency found be 96.45%.

Language: Английский

---

Topological Advances in Isolated DC–DC Converters: High-Efficiency Design for Renewable Energy Integration

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 2336 - 2336

Published: March 7, 2025

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) power systems presents significant challenges in ensuring grid stability sustainability. Advanced conversion technologies are essential to mitigate voltage frequency fluctuations while meeting stringent quality standards. RES-based generation typically employ multistage electronics achieve: (i) maximum point tracking; (ii) galvanic isolation transformation; (iii) high-quality injection the grid. In this context, paper provides a comprehensive review up-to-date isolated DC–DC converter topologies tailored for integration RES. As contribution support topic, recent advancements solid-state transformers (SSTs) explored, with particular emphasis on adoption wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors technologies, such as silicon carbide (SiC) gallium nitride (GaN). These devices have revolutionized modern by enabling operation at higher switching frequency, enhanced efficiency, increased density. By consolidating state-of-the-art identifying technical challenges, offers insights suitability light future trends, serving valuable resource optimizing grid-connected sustainable systems.

Language: Английский

---