A Survey on Digital Twins: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Future Prospects

IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(17), P. 14965 - 14987

Published: April 3, 2023

By interacting, synchronizing, and cooperating with its physical counterpart in real time, digital twin (DT) is promised to promote an intelligent, predictive, optimized modern city. Via interconnecting massive entities their virtual twins inter-twin intra-twin communications, the Internet of DTs (IoDT) enables free data exchange, dynamic mission cooperation, efficient information aggregation for composite insights across vast physical/virtual entities. However, as IoDT incorporates various cutting-edge technologies spawn new ecology, severe known/unknown security flaws, privacy invasions hinder wide deployment. Besides, intrinsic characteristics IoDT, such decentralized structure, information-centric routing, semantic entail critical challenges service provisioning IoDT. To this end, article presents in-depth review respect system architecture, enabling technologies, security/privacy issues. Specifically, we first explore a novel distributed architecture cyber–physical interactions discuss key communication modes. Afterward, investigate taxonomy threats research challenges, state-of-the-art defense approaches. Finally, point out trends open directions related

Language: Английский

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Unleashing the Power of Edge-Cloud Generative AI in Mobile Networks: A Survey of AIGC Services

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 1127 - 1170

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) is an automated method for generating, manipulating, and modifying valuable diverse data using AI algorithms creatively. This survey paper focuses on the deployment of AIGC applications, e.g., ChatGPT Dall-E, at mobile edge networks, namely that provide personalized customized services in real time while maintaining user privacy. We begin by introducing background fundamentals generative models lifecycle which includes collection, training, fine-tuning, inference, product management. then discuss collaborative cloud-edge-mobile infrastructure technologies required to support enable users access networks. Furthermore, we explore AIGC-driven creative applications use cases Additionally, implementation, security, privacy challenges deploying Finally, highlight some future research directions open issues full realization

Language: Английский

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Extremely Large-Scale MIMO: Fundamentals, Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions

IEEE Wireless Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 117 - 124

Published: April 10, 2023

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology to empower the next-generation communications.However, XL-MIMO, which still in its early stage of research, has been designed with variety hardware and performance analysis schemes.To illustrate differences similarities among these schemes, we comprehensively review existing XL-MIMO designs characteristics this article.Then, thoroughly discuss research status from "channel modeling", "performance analysis", "signal processing".Several challenges are introduced respective solutions provided.We then propose two case studies for hybrid propagation channel modeling effective degrees freedom (EDoF) computations practical scenarios.Using our proposed solutions, perform numerical results investigate EDoF scenarios unparallel surfaces multiple user equipment, respectively.Finally, several future directions.

Language: Английский

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Attention-Aware Resource Allocation and QoE Analysis for Metaverse xURLLC Services

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(7), P. 2158 - 2175

Published: June 5, 2023

Metaverse encapsulates our expectations of the next-generation Internet, while bringing new key performance indicators (KPIs). Although conventional ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) can satisfy objective KPIs, it is difficult to provide a personalized immersive experience that distinctive feature Metaverse. Since quality (QoE) be regarded as comprehensive KPI, URLLC evolved towards next generation (xURLLC) with resource allocation scheme achieve higher QoE. To deploy xURLLC services, we study interaction between service provider (MSP) network infrastructure (InP), an optimal contract design framework. Specifically, utility MSP, defined function users' QoE, maximized, ensuring incentives InP. model QoE mathematically, propose novel metric named Meta-Immersion incorporates both KPIs subjective feelings users. Furthermore, develop attention-aware rendering capacity improve in xURLLC. Using user-object-attention level dataset, validate average 20.1% improvement compared uniform scheme. The code for this paper available at https://github.com/HongyangDu/AttentionQoE .

Language: Английский

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Blockchain-Aided Secure Semantic Communication for AI-Generated Content in Metaverse

IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 72 - 83

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The construction of virtual transportation networks requires massive data to be transmitted from edge devices Virtual Service Providers (VSP) facilitate circulations between the physical and domains in Metaverse. Leveraging semantic communication for reducing information redundancy, VSPs can receive provide varied services through advanced techniques, e.g., AI-Generated Content (AIGC), users explore digital worlds. But use raises a security issue because attackers could send malicious with similar but different desired content break Metaverse cause wrong output AIGC. Therefore, this paper, we first propose blockchain-aided framework AIGC interactions among devices. We illustrate training-based targeted attack scheme generate adversarial by various loss functions. also design defense that uses blockchain zero-knowledge proofs tell difference similarities authentic check authenticity transformations. Simulation results show proposed method reduce similarity ones up 30% compared scheme.

Language: Английский

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5G Frequency Standardization, Technologies, Channel Models, and Network Deployment: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 5173 - 5173

Published: March 14, 2023

The rapid increase in data traffic caused by the proliferation of smart devices has spurred demand for extremely large-capacity wireless networks. Thus, faster transmission rates and greater spectral efficiency have become critical requirements modern-day ubiquitous 5G is an end-to-end network capable accommodating billions linked offering high-performance broadcast services due to its several enabling technologies. However, existing review works on systems examined only a subset these technologies providing limited coverage system model, performance analysis, technology advancements, design issues, thus requiring further research directions. In order fill this gap fully grasp potential 5G, study comprehensively examines various aspects technology. Specifically, systematic all-encompassing evaluation candidate was conducted. evolution progression mobile networks, use cases, channel models, applications, frequency standardization, key prospects are discussed extensively. Key findings from elaborate reveal that developing robust, flexible, dependable, scalable future communication systems. Overall, useful as resource researchers specialists.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning for Large-Scale Optimization in 6G Wireless Networks

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2088 - 2132

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The sixth generation (6G) wireless systems are envisioned to enable the paradigm shift from "connected things" intelligence", featured by ultra high density, large-scale, dynamic heterogeneity, diversified functional requirements, and machine learning capabilities, which leads a growing need for highly efficient intelligent algorithms. classic optimization-based algorithms usually require precise mathematical model of data links suffer poor performance with computational cost in realistic 6G applications. Based on domain knowledge (e.g., optimization models theoretical tools), (ML) stands out as promising viable methodology many complex large-scale problems 6G, due its superior performance, efficiency, scalability, generalizability. In this paper, we systematically review most representative "learning optimize" techniques diverse domains networks identifying inherent feature underlying problem investigating specifically designed ML frameworks perspective optimization. particular, will cover algorithm unrolling, branch-and-bound, graph neural network structured optimization, deep reinforcement stochastic end-to-end semantic well federated distributed capable addressing challenging arising variety crucial Through in-depth discussion, shed light excellent ML-based respect classical methods, provide insightful guidance develop advanced networks. Neural design, tools different implementation issues, challenges future research directions also discussed support practical use

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Wireless Communication Security in Semantic Internet of Things

IEEE Wireless Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 36 - 43

Published: June 1, 2023

Semantic communication is an important component in the next generation of wireless networking. Enabled by this novel paradigm, conventional Internet-of-Things (IoT) evolving toward semantic IoT (SIoT) to achieve significant system performance improvements. However, traditional security techniques for bit transmission cannot be applied directly SIoT that focuses on information transmission. One key reason lack new indicators. Thus, we have rethink SIoT. As such, article, analyze and compare classical techniques, such as physical layer security, covert communications, encryption, from perspective security. We highlight differences among these when Novel indicators, secrecy outage probability (for techniques) detection failure are proposed. Considering communications can raise issues, then review attack defense methods at level. Lastly, present several promising directions future secure research.

Language: Английский

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Wireless End-to-End Image Transmission System Using Semantic Communications

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 37149 - 37163

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Semantic communication is considered the future of mobile communication, which aims to transmit data beyond Shannon's theorem communications by transmitting semantic meaning rather than bit-by-bit reconstruction at receiver's end. The paradigm bridge gap limited bandwidth problems in modern high-volume multimedia application content transmission. Integrating AI technologies with 6G networks paved way develop communication-based end-to-end systems. In this study, we have implemented a image transmission system, and discuss potential design considerations developing systems conjunction physical channel characteristics. A Pre-trained GAN network used receiver as task reconstruct realistic based on segmented input. segmentation transmitter (encoder) (decoder) trained common knowledge base, COCO-Stuff dataset. research shows that resource gain form saving immense when map through instead ground truth contrast conventional Furthermore, studies effect distortions quantization noise

Language: Английский

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A Tutorial on Extremely Large-Scale MIMO for 6G: Fundamentals, Signal Processing, and Applications

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1560 - 1605

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth generation (6G) wireless mobile networks. With its growing significance, both opportunities and challenges are concurrently manifesting. This paper presents comprehensive survey research on XL-MIMO systems. In particular, we introduce four hardware architectures: uniform linear array (ULA)-based XL-MIMO, planar (UPA)-based utilizing either patch antennas or point antennas, continuous aperture (CAP)-based XL-MIMO. We comprehensively analyze discuss their characteristics interrelationships. Following this, several electromagnetic general distance boundaries in Given distinct properties near-field communications, present range channel models to demonstrate benefits further summarize signal processing schemes It is worth noting that low-complexity deep learning empowered reviewed highlighted promote practical implementation Furthermore, explore interplay between other emergent 6G technologies. Finally, outline compelling directions future communication

Language: Английский

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