The Role of 6G Technologies in Advancing Smart City Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 7039 - 7039

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks has already laid the ground-work for futuristic smart cities but along with this, it also triggered rapid growth a wide range applications, example, Internet Everything (IoE), online gaming, extended/virtual reality (XR/VR), telemedicine, cloud computing, and others, which require ultra-low latency, ubiquitous coverage, higher data rates, extreme device density, ultra-high capacity, energy efficiency, better reliability. Moreover, predicted explosive surge in mobile traffic until 2030 envisioned potential use-cases/scenarios city context will far exceed capabilities 5G was designed. Therefore, there is need to harness 6th Generation (6G) capabilities, not only meet stringent requirements megacities can open up new applications. Other crucial concerns that be addressed are related network security, privacy, interoperability, digital divide, other integration issues. In this article, we examine current emerging trends implementation 6G arena. Firstly, give an inclusive comprehensive review communication technologies find use cities. discussion each technology covers its benefits, challenges future research direction. Secondly, explore promising applications these technologies, such as, grids, healthcare, waste management, etc. conclusion part, have highlighted suggestions possible directions. So, single paper, attempted provide wider perspective on 6G-enabled by including both their This paper help readers gain holistic view ascertain opportunities bring diverse, massive

Language: Английский

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Sixth-Generation (6G) Networks for Improved Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication in Industry 4.0

Electronics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1832 - 1832

Published: May 9, 2024

The sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) has the potential to revolutionize way we communicate, interact, and use information for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in Industry 4.0 5.0, while also improving coverage places that were previously considered difficult access and/or digitally excluded, supporting more devices users. 6G network will have an impact through a combination many technologies: Internet Things (IoT), artificial intelligence/machine learning, virtual augmented reality, cloud computing, cyber security. New solutions architectures concepts their need be developed take full advantage this. This article provides overview challenges this area proposed solutions, taking into account disruptive technologies are yet developed.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Spectral Utilization in Healthcare Internet of Things

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 615 - 615

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

The mainstream adoption of Internet Things (IoT) devices for health and lifestyle tracking has revolutionized monitoring systems. Sixth-generation (6G) cellular networks enable IoT healthcare services to reduce the pressures on already resource-constrained facilities, leveraging enhanced ultra-reliable low-latency communication (eURLLC) make sure critical data are transmitted with minimal delay. Any delay or information loss can result in serious consequences, making spectrum availability a crucial bottleneck. This study systematically identifies challenges optimizing utilization (H-IoT) networks, focusing issues such as dynamic allocation, interference management, prioritization medical devices. To address these challenges, paper highlights emerging solutions, including artificial intelligence-based edge computing integration, advanced network architectures massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) terahertz (THz) communication. We identify gaps existing methodologies provide potential research directions enhance efficiency reliability eURLLC environments. These findings offer roadmap future advancements H-IoT systems form basis our recommendations, emphasizing importance tailored solutions management 6G era.

Language: Английский

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Evolving Towards Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Sixth-Generation Mobile Networks: An End-to-End Framework, Key Technologies, and Opportunities

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 2920 - 2920

Published: March 7, 2025

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks is expected to revolutionize communication systems, transforming them intelligent platforms that provide seamless connectivity and services. This paper explores the evolution 6G architectures, as well enabling technologies required integrate AI across cloud, core network (CN), radio access (RAN), terminals. It begins by examining necessity embedding networks, making it a native capability. analysis then outlines potential evolutionary paths for RAN architecture proposes an end-to-end AI-driven framework. Additionally, key such cross-domain collaboration, computing, security mechanisms are discussed. study identifies use cases, including embodied intelligence, wearable devices, generative AI, which offer valuable insights fostering collaboration within ecosystem highlight new revenue model opportunities challenges. concludes with forward-looking perspective on convergence technology.

Language: Английский

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GEN-DRIFT: Generative AI-driven drift handling for beyond 5G networks

Computer Networks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111237 - 111237

Published: March 1, 2025

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A Novel AI‐Driven Graph‐Swarm THz Slice Optimizer for Terahertz Frequency Management and Network Slicing in 6G/7G ORAN Networks

International Journal of Communication Systems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(7)

Published: April 8, 2025

ABSTRACT As 6G and 7G networks evolve, the efficient management of Terahertz (THz) frequency band network slicing in Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) architectures is critical to support ultra‐high‐speed data transmission, diverse service requirements, dynamic conditions. This research addresses key challenges such as interference high‐density THz spectrum, unpredictable traffic patterns, fluctuating demands slicing. The proposed AI‐Driven Graph‐Swarm Slice Optimizer Framework introduces two novel components: Co‐Annealed Graph‐AE OptiNet for real‐time optimization Deep Q‐Cat Memory Net adaptive dynamically models ORAN state, predicts interference, optimizes spectrum allocation, achieving 95.7% efficiency 2.2% rates, ensuring minimal signal degradation. Simultaneously, learns optimal strategies, congestion, proactively allocates resources, resulting 97.8 Gbps throughput, 0.8 ms latency, improved bandwidth utilization. Simulation results validate framework's effectiveness, showcasing significant improvements over existing all performance metrics, including low enhanced resource utilization, robust adaptability. These findings highlight potential enable scalable future‐generation wireless networks.

Language: Английский

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6G virtualized beamforming: a novel framework for optimizing massive MIMO in 6G networks

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Design Methodology for 6G End-to-End System: Hexa-X-II Perspective

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 3368 - 3394

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

As the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems are commercially deployed, they bring new services, enhance user experiences, and offer various opportunities to different industries. Despite its advancements, 5G encounters several challenges. To tackle these issues, global industrial, academic, standards organizations actively researching on sixth (6G) wireless systems. 6G networks envisioned as a transformative shift in interactions between physical, digital, human realms, paving way for pervasive human-centered cyber-physical world. is positioned be platform that offers beyond services considering both performance value centric technological development approaches. In this paper, we present forward towards design of end-to-end (E2E) system consolidated view leading industry stakeholders academia European level flagship project Hexa-X-II. We discuss key challenges with how expected those by introducing innovations supporting novel use case requirements. provide comprehensive methodology E2E including ten principles, blueprint, structured process. The architecture principles prioritize environmental sustainability, digital inclusiveness, trustworthiness, their impact system. blueprint described corresponding infrastructure, network application, application layers, well functionalities relevant innovations. Following process demonstrated two-way approaches (i.e., 1) indicators based 2) top-down versus bottom-up alignment process) through lens collaborative robot case. Through case, special attention given enablers cover management orchestration enhancement go limitations characterizing previous generation. addition, virtual modelling aspects related twining simulations also discussed.

Language: Английский

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A Techno-Economic Analysis of New Market Models for 5G+ Spectrum Management

Information, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 197 - 197

Published: April 3, 2024

While 5G has become a reality in several places around the world, some countries are still process of assigning frequency bands and deploying networks. In this context, there is significant opportunity to explore new market models for management utilization radio spectrum. Access spectrum results diverse competition schemes, where behavior varies based on regulator-defined access scheme competitive strategies different actors. To thoroughly analyze potential scenarios, work introduces model that enhances comprehension variables, emphasizing behaviors influenced by relationships. The model’s development leverages artificial intelligence historical data from Colombia’s mobile telecommunications market. Intelligent sensing, Software Defined Radio, augments construction, utilizing lightweight AI algorithms acquire real occupancy. way, provides novel insights into dynamics, enabling formulation informed decision-making policies regulatory bodies. Additionally, application causal machine learning (CausalML) helps understand underlying causes behaviors, facilitating design guiding maximize usage foster competition. This approach demonstrates how AI-driven approaches deeper understanding dynamics can lead effective management, fostering more efficient wireless communication landscape.

Language: Английский

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Reliability Assurance in RIS-Assisted 6G Campus Networks

Published: May 6, 2024

Campus networks have become a major market segment for cellular communication technology, providing flexible infrastructure to meet the specific de-pendability and performance requirements of industry verticals. With emerging 6G technologies, an order magnitude higher throughput is on horizon, however, frequencies are more susceptible line-of-sight (LOS) blockages. One way tackle this issue dense installation base stations (BSs). However, as cost-efficient alternative, paper ex-plores how assure reliability links in such scenarios, by analyzing efficacy Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS). We present model optimization framework efficiently maintain connectivity factory environment case study. Our also takes into account realistic assumptions imposed limitations RIS technology practical constraints campus networks. address resource allocation problem, proposing two approaches namely, Integer Linear Programming (ILP) heuristic method. results showcase tangible benefits continuous while reducing outages.

Language: Английский

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