Land‐use change and biodiversity: Challenges for assembling evidence on the greatest threat to nature

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(21), P. 5414 - 5429

Published: Aug. 15, 2021

Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to nature, having caused worldwide declines in abundance, diversity, and health of species ecosystems. Despite increasing research on this global driver, there are still challenges forming an effective synthesis. The estimated impact land-use biodiversity can depend location, methods, taxonomic focus, with recent meta-analyses reaching disparate conclusions. Here, we critically appraise body our ability reach a reliable consensus. We employ named entity recognition analyze more than 4000 abstracts, alongside full reading 100 randomly selected papers. highlight broad range study designs methodologies used; most common being local space-for-time comparisons that classify land use situ. Species metrics including distribution, diversity were measured frequently complex responses such as demography, vital rates, behavior. identified biases, vertebrates well represented while detritivores largely missing. Omitting group may hinder understanding how affects ecosystem feedback. Research was heavily biased toward temperate forested biomes North America Europe, warmer regions acutely underrepresented despite offering potential insights into future effects under novel climates. Various histories covered, although understudied Africa Middle East required capture regional differences form current historical practices. Failure address these will impede impacts biodiversity, limit reliability projections have repercussions for conservation threatened species. Beyond identifying literature priorities data gaps need urgent attention offer perspectives move forward.

Language: Английский

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Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1881)

Published: May 29, 2023

Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how has changed recent decades scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity abundance. At local scales, all metrics includes many examples both increases declines tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence declining trends (increasing similarity composition space or biotic homogenization) The exception this pattern changes through time observed most assemblages. Less known about at regional although several studies suggest that richness are more prevalent than declines. Change global scale hardest estimate accurately, extinction rates probably outpacing speciation rates, elevated. Recognizing variability essential accurately portray unfolding, highlights much remains unknown magnitude direction multiple different scales. Reducing these blind spots allow appropriate management actions deployed. This article part theme issue ‘Detecting attributing causes change: needs, gaps solutions’.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive cropland in protected areas highlight trade-offs between conservation and food security

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(4)

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Global cropland expansion over the last century caused widespread habitat loss and degradation. Establishment of protected areas aims to counteract habitats slow species extinctions. However, many also include high levels disturbance conversion for uses such as cropland. Understanding where why this occurs may realign conservation priorities inform area policy in light competing food security. Here, we use our global synthesis dataset quantify globally assess their relationship socio-environmental context. We estimate that occupies 1.4 million km2 or 6% area. Cropland across all management types, with 22% occurring strictly areas. inside is more prevalent countries higher population density, lower income inequality, agricultural suitability lands. While phenomenon dominant midnorthern latitudes, tropics subtropics present greater trade-offs due both biodiversity insecurity. Although area-based targets are prominent goal-setting, results show they can mask persistent anthropogenic land detrimental native ecosystem conservation. To ensure long-term efficacy areas, post-2020 goal setting must link human health improve monitoring outcomes cropland-impacted

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity dynamics in the Anthropocene: how human activities change equilibria of species richness

Ecography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(4)

Published: Aug. 29, 2021

We are living in a time of rapid environmental changes caused by anthropogenic pressures. Besides direct human exploitation plant and animal populations habitat transformation, biodiversity the Anthropocene affected less trivial processes including spreading non‐native species, emergence novel communities modifications ecosystem functioning due to changing nutrient cycles climate changes. These so complex that confident predictions effective conservation cannot be obtained without suitable theory dynamics. argue such dynamics have particular attractors, i.e. stable equilibria, determined conditions. equilibria set limits, carrying capacities for biodiversity, from local global scales. point out evidence limits at various spatiotemporal scales show, using new equilibrium (ETBD), how diversity depend on non‐linear relationships between number community abundance population size‐dependent species extinction origination (speciation or colonization). show effects can lead multiple tipping points. Various activities, introductions, appropriation primary production trophic downgrading, change local, regional affecting levels. The existence out‐of‐equilibrium states has important implications conservation, restoration reconciliation ecology. It highlights need more effectively intentionally balance historical focus preservation natural habitats with management specifically directed towards responsible long‐term maintenance equilibria. represents unique situation which people make decisions concerning world, we ecological requires wisely deciding alternative worth maintaining.

Language: Английский

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Land-use changes lead to functional loss of terrestrial mammals in a Neotropical rainforest

Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 161 - 170

Published: Feb. 26, 2021

Land-use changes are a main driver of modifications in tropical ecosystems, leading to the loss species and ecological traits affecting key functions. Although much attention has been given predict effects on processes, information large-scale land-use over functions is scarce. Here, we detected erosion prevalence performed by mammals response Atlantic Forest Brazil. By analyzing different (vertebrate invertebrate predation, seed dispersal, depredation, herbivory) mammal assemblages deforestation gradient, observed that vulnerable (performed sensitive species, such as browsing, medium large vertebrate predation) were positively related patch size forest cover negatively anthropogenic cover. These relationships reversed for persistent resilient grazing, small predation). Vulnerable virtually restricted remnants, while prevalent human-modified landscapes. Disturbed forests not necessarily empty but there substantial across most Forest. Five out ten lose remnants. Nonetheless, these remnants serve refuges remaining biodiversity verge functional extinction important processes. The provided compromise persistence Forest's biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Temperature drives variation in flying insect biomass across a German malaise trap network

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 168 - 180

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

ABSTRACT Among the many concerns for biodiversity in Anthropocene, recent reports of flying insect loss are particularly alarming, given their importance as pollinators, pest control agents, and a food source. Few monitoring programmes cover large spatial scales required to provide more generalizable estimates responses global change drivers. We ask how climate surrounding habitat affect biomass using data from first year new network at 84 locations across Germany comprising gradient land types protected urban crop areas. Flying increased linearly with temperature Germany. However, effect on flipped negative hot months June July when local temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages. Land explained little variation biomass, but was lowest forests. Grasslands, pastures, orchards harboured highest biomass. The date peak primarily driven by cover, grasslands especially having earlier phenologies. Standardised, large‐scale provides key insights into underlying processes decline is pivotal development climate‐adapted strategies promote diversity. In temperate region, we find that positive effects diminish German summer where Our results highlight adaptation change‐driven impacts communities.

Language: Английский

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Trait-based prediction of extinction risk across terrestrial taxa

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 274, P. 109738 - 109738

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Species differ in their biological susceptibility to extinction, but the set of traits determining varies across taxa. It is yet unclear which patterns are common all taxa, and taxon-specific, with consequences conservation practice. In this study we analysed generality trait-based prediction extinction risk terrestrial (including freshwater) vertebrates, invertebrates plants at a global scale. For each group, selected five representative taxa within group explored whether can be related any 10 potential predictors. We then synthesized outcomes using meta-analytic approach. High habitat specificity was consistent predictor plants, being universal risk. Slow life-history – large relative offspring size, low fecundity, long generation length –, narrow altitudinal range were also found good predictors most universality needs supported additional data. Poor dispersal ability among invertebrate plant not consistently vertebrates. The remaining (body microhabitat verticality, trophic level, diet breadth) useful predict only lower taxonomical levels. Our shows that despite idiosyncrasies exists several might influence for Informing prioritization taxonomic scales should however include taxon-specific

Language: Английский

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A protocol for reproducible functional diversity analyses

Ecography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(11)

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

The widespread use of species traits in basic and applied ecology, conservation biogeography has led to an exponential increase functional diversity analyses, with > 10 000 papers published 2010–2020, 1800 only 2021. This interest is reflected the development a multitude theoretical methodological frameworks for calculating diversity, making it challenging navigate myriads options report detailed accounts trait‐based analyses. Therefore, discipline ecology would benefit from existence general guideline standard reporting good practices We devise eight‐step protocol guide researchers conducting overarching goal increasing reproducibility, transparency comparability across studies. based on: 1) identification research question; 2) sampling scheme study design; 3–4) assemblage data matrices; 5) exploration preprocessing; 6) computation; 7) model fitting, evaluation interpretation; 8) data, metadata code provision. Throughout protocol, we provide information on how best select questions, designs, trait compute interpret results discuss ways ensure reproducibility results. To facilitate implementation this template, further develop interactive web‐based application ( stepFD ) form checklist workflow, detailing all steps allowing user produce final ‘reproducibility report' upload alongside paper. A thorough transparent analyses ensures that ecologists can incorporate others' findings into meta‐analyses, shared be integrated larger databases consensus available reused by other researchers. All these elements are key pushing forward vibrant fast‐growing field research.

Language: Английский

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Spatial-temporal evolution of habitat quality in tropical monsoon climate region based on “pattern–process–quality” – a case study of Cambodia

Open Geosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Exploring the coupling relationship of “pattern–process–quality” is conducive to understanding internal mechanism habitat quality change, and great significance for function maintenance sustainable management regional ecosystems. Existing studies mainly analyze spatial-temporal evolution from perspective “pattern quality” land use data. However, variation in result many factors such as habitat. Therefore, it necessary consider these comprehensively when studying change quality, so understand more deeply. This study takes Cambodia, a tropical monsoon climate region, research area, uses cover data 2000 2022 source. InVEST model used explore between use, landscape pattern, ecological process. The results show that (1) during 2000–2022, forest Cambodia covered wide range, showing pattern distributed east west. (2) degree fragmentation impervious increased gradually 2022, indicating was seriously affected by human activities natural factors, with increase elevation slope, area various types converted decreased. (3) During high areas were concentrated Tonle SAP Lake east, southwest, central part while low part. (4) Natural socio-economic policies, regulations all have an impact on Cambodia.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing land use spatial patterns to balance urban development and resource-environmental constraints: A case study of China's Central Plains Urban Agglomeration

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380, P. 125173 - 125173

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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