Thermal adaptation revisited: How conserved are thermal traits of reptiles and amphibians?

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 335(1), P. 173 - 194

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Ectothermic animals, such as amphibians and reptiles, are particularly sensitive to rapidly warming global temperatures. One response in these organisms may be evolve aspects of their thermal physiology. If this is adaptive can occur on the appropriate time scale, it facilitate population or species persistence changed environments. However, physiological traits have classically been thought too slowly keep pace with environmental change longer-lived vertebrates. Even empirical work mid-20th century offers mixed support for conservatism traits, generalization low evolutionary potential commonly invoked. Here, we revisit hypothesis better understand mechanisms guiding timing patterns evolution. Characterizing interactions among evolution, plasticity, behavior, ontogenetic shifts physiology critical accurate prediction how will respond our world. Recent provides evidence that not evolutionarily rigid once believed, many examples divergence several at multiple phylogenetic scales. slow rates evolution often still observed, warm end performance curve. Furthermore, context-specificity responses makes broad generalizations about evolvability tenuous. We outline factors considerations require closer scrutiny predict reptile amphibian climate change, regarding underlying genetic architecture facilitating limiting

Language: Английский

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How woody plants adjust above‐ and below‐ground traits in response to sustained drought

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(4), P. 1173 - 1189

Published: June 12, 2023

Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what adjustment whether plants can adjust sustained drought. This review focuses woody synthesises the evidence for a selection of key above-ground below-ground traits. We assess evaluating single traits, or selections traits that operate same functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) sufficient, multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, required. conclude studies adjustments might overestimate capacity drier environments if spatial along gradients used, without complementary experimental approaches. provide common traits; however, this adaptive sufficient respond future droughts remains uncertain most species. To address uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within axes below-ground) gain holistic view at whole-plant scale how these influence

Language: Английский

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The paradox of adaptive trait clines with nonclinal patterns in the underlying genes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(12)

Published: March 14, 2023

Multivariate climate change presents an urgent need to understand how species adapt complex environments. Population genetic theory predicts that loci under selection will form monotonic allele frequency clines with their selective environment, which has led the wide use of genotype–environment associations (GEAs). This study used a set simulations elucidate conditions are more or less likely evolve as multiple quantitative traits multivariate Phenotypic evolved nonmonotonic (i.e., nonclinal) patterns in frequencies promoted unique combinations mutations achieve optimum different parts landscape. Such resulted from interactions among landscape, demography, pleiotropy, and architecture. GEA methods failed accurately infer basis adaptation range scenarios due first principles (clinal did not evolve) statistical issues but were detected overcorrection for structure). Despite limitations GEAs, this shows back-transformation ordination can predict individual genotype environmental data regardless whether inference GEAs was accurate. In addition, frameworks introduced be by empiricists quantify importance clinal alleles adaptation. research highlights trait prediction lead accurate underlying display patterns.

Language: Английский

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To us insectometers, it is clear that insect decline in our Costa Rican tropics is real, so let’s be kind to the survivors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(2)

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

We have been field observers of tropical insects on four continents and, since 1978, intense caterpillars, their parasites, and associates in the 1,260 km 2 dry, cloud, rain forests Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) northwestern Costa Rica. ACG’s natural ecosystem restoration began with its national park designation 1971. As human biomonitors, or “insectometers,” we see that insect species richness density gradually declined late 1970s, more intensely about 2005. The overarching perturbation is climate change. It has caused increasing ambient temperatures for all ecosystems; erratic seasonal cues; reduced, erratic, asynchronous rainfall; heated air masses sliding up volcanoes burning off cloud forest; dwindling biodiversity ACG terrestrial ecosystems. What then next step as change descends many small-scale successes sustainable biodevelopment? Be kind to survivors by stimulating facilitating owner societies value them legitimate members a green nation. Encourage bioliteracy, BioAlfa.

Language: Английский

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Higher metabolic plasticity in temperate compared to tropical lizards suggests increased resilience to climate change

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92(2)

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Abstract Patterns in functional diversity of organisms at large spatial scales can provide insight into possible responses to future climate change, but it remains a challenge link large‐scale patterns the population or species level their underlying physiological mechanisms individual level. The variability hypothesis predicts that temperate ectotherms will be less vulnerable warming compared with tropical ectotherms, due superior acclimatization capacity. However, metabolic occurs over multiple levels, from enzyme and cellular level, through organ systems, whole‐organism rate (from this point forwards biological hierarchy). Previous studies have focused on one few levels hierarchy, leaving us without general understanding how might differ between species. Here, we investigated thermal acclimation three Takydromus lizards distributed along broad latitudinal gradient China, by studying modifications whole organism, organ, mitochondria, metabolome, proteome. As predicted hypothesis, two T. septentrionalis wolteri had an enhanced response organism sexlineatus , as measured respiratory gas exchange rates. which performance was modified strikingly different species: widespread sizes, whereas narrowly relied mitochondrial, proteomic metabolomic regulation. We suggest these may represent strategies used distinct ecological costs benefits. Lacking either capacity, is likely increased vulnerability change.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia and High Temperature as Interacting Stressors: Will Plasticity Promote Resilience of Fishes in a Changing World?

Biological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 243(2), P. 149 - 170

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Determining the resilience of a species or population to climate change stressors is an important but difficult task because can be affected both by genetically based variation and various types phenotypic plasticity. In addition, most what known about organismal responses for single in isolation, environmental involves multiple factors acting combination. Here, our goal summarize plasticity fishes response high temperature low oxygen (hypoxia) combination across timescales, ask how much may provide face change. There are relatively few studies investigating these combination; available data suggest that although fish have some capacity adjust their phenotype compensate negative effects acute exposure hypoxia through acclimation developmental plasticity, compensation generally only partial. very little intergenerational transgenerational effects, on each stressor isolation positive impacts occur. Overall, two highly variable among extremely dependent specific context experiment, including extent timing exposure. This variability nature suggests existing unlikely adequately buffer against combined as warms.

Language: Английский

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Beyond reaction norms: the temporal dynamics of phenotypic plasticity

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 41 - 51

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Disentangling physiological and physical explanations for body size-dependent thermal tolerance

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(5)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

ABSTRACT The effects of climate change are often body size dependent. One contributing factor could be size-dependent thermal tolerance (SDTT), the propensity for heat and cold to vary with among species individuals within species. SDTT is hypothesized caused by differences in temperature dependence underlying physiological processes that operate at cellular organ/system level (physiological SDTT). However, temperature-dependent physiology need not observed. can also arise because physical affect relative dynamics large small organisms (physical In this Commentary, I outline how occurs, its mechanistic from SDTT, make different predictions about organismal responses variation. then describe influence outcome experiments, present an experimental framework disentangling provide examples tests control using data Anolis lizards. Finally, discuss natural environments their vulnerability anthropogenic warming. Differentiating between important it has implications we design interpret experiments our fundamental understanding ecology adaptation.

Language: Английский

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High Capacity for Physiological Plasticity Occurs at a Slow Rate in Ectotherms

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Phenotypic plasticity enables organisms to express a phenotype that is optimal in their current environment. The ability of obtain the optimum determined by (i) capacity for plasticity, which facilitates phenotypic adjustment corresponding amplitude environmental change but also (ii) rate because this determines if expressed lags behind changes optimum. How of‐ and have co‐evolved will thus be critical resilience under different patterns change. To evaluate direction evolved relationship between capacity, we reanalysed experiments documenting time course thermal tolerance acclimation temperature across species ectothermic animals. We found with responds plastically are negatively correlated, pattern inconsistent theory regarding evolution plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Thermal performance under constant temperatures can accurately predict insect development times across naturally variable microclimates

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1633 - 1645

Published: May 25, 2021

Abstract External conditions can drive biological rates in ectotherms by directly influencing body temperatures. While estimating the temperature dependence of performance traits such as growth and development rate is feasible under controlled laboratory settings, predictions nature are difficult. One major challenge lies translating constant to fluctuating environments. Using butterfly Pieris napi model system, we show that rate, an important fitness trait, be accurately predicted field using models parameterized Additionally, a factorial design, accurate made across microhabitats but critically hinge on adequate consideration non‐linearity reaction norms, spatial heterogeneity microclimate temporal variation temperature. Our empirical results also supported comparison published simulated data. Conclusively, our combined suggest that, discounting direct effects temperature, insect generally unaffected thermal fluctuations.

Language: Английский

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