Insect diapause: from a rich history to an exciting future

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(4)

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Diapause, a stage-specific developmental arrest, is widely exploited by insects to bridge unfavorable seasons. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the ecology, physiology and evolutionary implications of insect diapause, yet intriguing questions remain. A more complete diapause processes on Earth requires better geographic spread investigations, including work tropics at high latitudes. Questions surrounding energy management trade-offs between non-diapause remain understudied. We know little about how maternal effects direct response, regulators prolonged are also poorly understood. Numerous factors that were recently linked still waiting be placed regulatory network leading from photoreception engagement program. These include epigenetic small noncoding RNAs, emerging data suggest role for microbiome regulation. Another feature complexity resulting diverse suite responses comprise syndrome. Select transcription likely serve as master switches turning these responses, but we far full complexity. The richness species displaying offers platform seeking common components ‘diapause toolbox’. Across latitudes, during invasion events changing climate, grand opportunities probe change speciation. At practical level, can manipulated control long-term storage. Diapausing contain treasure trove pharmacological compounds offer promising models human health.

Language: Английский

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A Game of Life with dormancy

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The factors contributing to the persistence and stability of life are fundamental for understanding complex living systems. Organisms commonly challenged by harsh fluctuating environments that suboptimal growth reproduction, which can lead extinction. Many species contend with unfavourable noisy conditions entering a reversible state reduced metabolic activity, phenomenon known as dormancy. Here, we develop Spore Life, model investigate effects dormancy on population dynamics. It is based Conway’s Game Life (GoL), deterministic cellular automaton where simple rules govern an individual its neighbours. For individuals would otherwise die, provides refuge in form inactive state. These dormant (spores) resuscitate when local improve. includes parameter α ∈ [ 0,1 form="postfix" stretchy="false">] controls survival probability spores, interpolating between GoL ( = 0 ) 1 ), while capturing stochastic dynamics intermediate regime < ). In addition identifying emergence unique periodic configurations, find spore increases average number active buffers populations from Contrary expectations, stabilization not result large long-lived seed bank. Instead, demographic patterns only require small resuscitation events. Our approach yields novel insight into what minimally required origins behaviours associated banks they generate.

Language: Английский

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Parrondo's Paradox Reveals Counterintuitive Wins in Biology and Decision Making in Society

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 33 - 59

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fat enough for the winter? Does nutritional status affect diapause?

Journal of Insect Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 104488 - 104488

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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A quantitative model of temperature-dependent diapause progression

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(36)

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Winter diapause in insects is commonly terminated through cold exposure, which, like vernalization plants, prevents development before spring arrives. Currently, quantitative understanding of the temperature dependence termination limited, likely because phenotypes are generally cryptic to human eyes. We introduce a methodology tackle this challenge. By consecutively moving butterfly pupae species Pieris napi from several different conditions 20 °C, we show that proceeds as temperature-dependent rate process, with maximal rates at relatively temperatures and low warm extremely temperatures. Further, resulting thermal reaction norm can predict P. timing under variable Last, once , subsequent follows typical performance curve, around 31 °C minimum 2 °C. The sequence these thermally distinct processes (diapause postdiapause development) facilitates synchronous eclosion nature; microclimates where progresses quickly do not promote fast development, allowing individuals warmer winter catch up, vice versa. unveiling one process among others promotes parsimonious, quantitative, predictive model, wherein functions both an adaptation against premature during fall for synchrony spring.

Language: Английский

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Conserved cold tolerance of Rhagoletis species from different host fruits and elevations in Colorado, USA

Physiological Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(3), P. 216 - 226

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Understanding and characterizing how insects tolerate low temperatures is important for predicting their overwintering survival subsequent geographic spread. This study characterized the cold tolerance of two members Rhagoletis genus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Colorado, USA. Pupae were collected from infested fruits late summer early fall. For first time, we show that rosehip fly basiola Osten Sacken freeze‐avoidant; pupae could supercool to as −26°C survive. Interestingly, temperature at which ice forms (supercooling point; SCP) did not vary between R. high (c. 2900 m above sea level [m a.s.l.]) lower 1650 a.s.l.) elevations. We also report apple maggot pomonella Walsh infesting an unusual host fruit, Dolgo crabapple, close proximity hawthorn trees. crabapples had similar SCPs survived −21°C. both prolonged exposure (2 weeks or more) mild (0 −5°C). Further into mechanisms underlying impressive conserved interesting avenue future research.

Language: Английский

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Seasonality of forest insects: why diapause matters

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 757 - 770

Published: May 22, 2024

Insects have major impacts on forest ecosystems, from herbivory and soil-nutrient cycling to killing trees at a large scale. Forest insects temperate, tropical, subtropical regions evolved strategies respond seasonality; for example, by entering diapause, mitigate adversity synchronize lifecycles with favorable periods. Here, we show that distinct functional groups of insects; is, canopy dwellers, trunk-associated species, soil/litter-inhabiting insects, express variety diapause strategies, but do not systematic differences in strategy depending group. Due the overall similarities can better estimate anthropogenic change insect populations and, consequently, key ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Reversible mitophagy drives metabolic suppression in diapausing beetles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(30)

Published: July 19, 2022

Many insects enter a state of dormancy (diapause) during winter in which they lower their metabolism to save energy. Metabolic suppression is hallmark diapause, yet we know little about the mechanisms underpinning metabolic or how it reversed spring. Here, show that dormant Colorado potato beetles results from breakdown flight muscle mitochondria via mitophagy. Diapausing suppress by 90%, and this lowered rate coincides with similar reduction mitochondrial function density. During early increase expression mitophagy-related transcripts ( Parkin ATG5 ) coincident an structures muscle. Knocking down RNA interference diapausing prevented some partially restored whole animal rate, suggesting driven In other animals models disease, such large-scale degradation irreversible. However, as diapause ends, reverse mitophagy PGC1α NRF1 replenish pools. This biogenesis activated anticipation termination absence external stimuli. Our study provides mechanistic link between insect tissues over whole-animal suppression.

Language: Английский

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Moderate climate warming scenarios during embryonic and post‐embryonic stages benefit a cold‐climate lizard

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1137 - 1150

Published: March 2, 2022

Abstract Warming temperatures caused by climate change are predicted to vary temporally and spatially. For mid‐ high‐latitude reptiles, the seasonal variation in warming experienced embryos hatchlings may determine offspring fitness, yet this has remained largely unexplored. To evaluate independent interactive influence of on embryonic hatchling development, we incubated eggs reared a cold‐climate oviparous ectothermic species, Heilongjiang grass lizard ( Takydromus amurensis ), following 2 × factorial design (present versus for present hatchlings). We then evaluated including hatching success, incubation period, initial body size, metabolic rate, growth rate survival mesocosms. found that shortened period produced with higher rates than those under conditions. Similarly, had similar resting rates, but climate. Hatchlings both conditions highest rates. This study revealed moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 4.5, 1.1–2.6°C) interact benefit fitness ectotherms. Our also highlighted importance integrating when evaluating responses multiple developmental stages

Language: Английский

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Climate change is altering the physiology and phenology of an arctic hibernator

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6647), P. 846 - 849

Published: May 25, 2023

Climate warming is rapid in the Arctic, yet impacts to biological systems are unclear because few long-term studies linking biophysiological processes with environmental conditions exist for this data-poor region. In our study spanning 25 years Alaskan we demonstrate that climate change affecting timing of freeze-thaw cycles active layer permafrost soils and altering physiology arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii). Soil freeze has been delayed and, response, have when they up-regulate heat production during torpor prevent freezing. Further, termination hibernation spring advanced 4 days per decade females but not males. Continued phenological shifts will alter energetics, seasonal availability important prey species, potentially disrupt intraspecific interactions.

Language: Английский

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