Functions of silicon in plant drought stress responses

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Silicon (Si), the second most abundant element in Earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on growth and productivity of a variety plant species under various environmental conditions. However, benefits Si its importance to plants are controversial due differences among species, genotypes, Although has been widely reported alleviate drought stress both Si-accumulating nonaccumulating plants, underlying mechanisms through which improves water status maintains balance remain unclear. The aim this review is summarize morphoanatomical, physiological, biochemical, molecular processes that involved regulated by response stress, especially integrated modulation Si-triggered responses accumulators intermediate- excluder-type plants. key influencing ability mitigate include enhancing uptake transport, regulating stomatal behavior transpirational loss, accumulating solutes osmoregulatory substances, inducing defense- associated with signaling events, consequently maintaining whole-plant balance. This study evaluates maintain conditions suggests future research needed implement use agriculture. Considering complex relationships between different environment, detailed studies understand interactions

Language: Английский

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Silicon nanoparticles: Comprehensive review on biogenic synthesis and applications in agriculture

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 116292 - 116292

Published: June 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Field application of silicon alleviates drought stress and improves water use efficiency in wheat

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Detrimental impacts of drought on crop yield have tripled in the last 50 years with climate models predicting that frequency such droughts will intensify future. Silicon (Si) accumulation, especially Poaceae crops as wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), may alleviate adverse drought. We very limited information, however, about whether Si supplementation could under field conditions and no studies specifically manipulated rainfall. Using field–based rain exclusion shelters, we determined (equivalent to 39, 78 117 kg ha -1 ) affected T. growth, elemental chemistry [Si, carbon (C) nitrogen (N)], physiology (rates photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency) (grain production) ambient (50% ambient) rainfall scenarios. Averaged across treatments, reduced shoot mass by 21% grain production 18%. increased up 43% 73% respectively, restored droughted plants levels comparable supplied leaf-level efficiency 32–74%, depending rates. Water supply did not alter concentrations C N, but content 39% 83% conditions, respectively. This equates an increase from 6.4 8.9 tonnes 4.03 7.35 conclude ameliorated negative growth yield, potentially through its beneficial efficiency. Moreover, plant storage render a useful tool for both mitigation sequestration.

Language: Английский

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Silicon Effects Depend upon Insect Herbivore Guild and Has Limited Influence on Gall-Inducing Insects of Bauhinia brevipes

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 250 - 250

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized element in plant defense, often enhancing resistance to herbivory by strengthening cell walls and deterring feeding external herbivores. However, its impact on internal, endophytic herbivores, such as gall-inducing insects, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of silicon Bauhinia brevipes, focusing effects insects. We hypothesize that while strengthens tissues reduces it may have limited effect internal feeders, Our results indicate accumulation leaves significantly chewing insects but has no direct occurrence content galled was lower compared healthy leaves, suggesting manipulate distribution mitigate defensive effects. hypersensitivity reactions were positively influenced silicon, highlighting this localized defense mechanisms. findings reveal silicon’s tissue-specific roles emphasizing need for more research nuanced interactions with herbivores implications ecological applications. contributes literature multifaceted plant–herbivore potential applications sustainable pest management.

Language: Английский

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Convergent evidence for the temperature-dependent emergence of silicification in terrestrial plants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Research on silicon (Si) biogeochemistry and its beneficial effects for plants has received significant attention over several decades, but the reasons emergence of high-Si remain unclear. Here, we combine experimentation, field studies analysis existing databases to test role temperature expression silicification in terrestrial plants. We first show that Si is rice under high (40 °C), harmful low (0 whilst a 2 °C increase results 37% leaf concentrations. then find that, globally, average distribution plant clades 1.2 higher than low-Si clades. Across China, concentrations with (wheat rice), not (weeping willow winter jasmine). From an evolutionary perspective, 77% families (>10 mg g −1 DW) originate during warming episodes, while 86% (<1 cooling episodes. On average, Earth’s 3 families. Taken together, our evidence suggests variation closely related global long-term climate change.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering metabolomic responses and signaling pathways for augmented osmotic stress tolerance under nanosilicon influence in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 768 - 779

Published: July 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Silicon and Epichloë‐endophyte defences in a model temperate grass diminish feeding efficiency and immunity of an insect folivore

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(12), P. 3177 - 3192

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract Plants deploy diverse anti‐herbivore defences which reduce feeding and performance of herbivores. Temperate grasses use silicon (Si) accumulation Epichloë ‐endophytes for physical chemical (i.e. endophytic‐alkaloids) defence against insect Recent studies suggest that increase Si in their host grass. It is unknown, however, how this affects Si‐deposition on the leaf surface, impacts herbivore efficiency immunity to potential infection/parasitism. To address knowledge gap, we grew tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) hydroponically with without Si, absence or presence novel AR584 ‐strain. We exposed plants Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) both situ (intact leaves) ex (excised trials determined effects endophyte efficiency, growth rates Endophytic supplied showed 110% 143% increases silica density concentrations, respectively, when herbivory, compared non‐endophytic were herbivore‐free. Despite endophyte‐mediated H. was only affected by supply; decreased 87% most indices at least 30%. supply also increased mandibular wear 16%, negatively correlated rates. Cellular humoral endophytes. Endophytic‐loline alkaloid concentrations unaffected whereas herbivory peramine 290%. our knowledge, first report ‐endophyte derived alkaloids compromising via reduced melanisation response. Using , study suggests deploying accumulation) acting multiple traits, including immunity, may be a successful strategy temperate grasses. This multi‐faceted particularly difficult herbivores overcome. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Silicon, An Emergent Strategy to Lighten the Effects of (A)Biotic Stresses on Crops: A Review

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210(6)

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) has emerged as a pivotal element influencing various aspects of plant growth and development. This review explores the multifaceted effects Si on plants, encompassing both biotic abiotic dimensions. Si, primarily absorbed by plants in form orthosilicic acid, demonstrates diverse range roles enhancing resistance to environmental stresses. Biotic stresses, including pathogen attacks insect infestations, are notably mitigated deposition tissues, fortifying cell walls triggering defence mechanisms. Furthermore, plays crucial role alleviating stresses such drought, salinity metal toxicity, imparting resilience challenging environments. The interaction between physiology involves intricate mechanisms, impacting nutrient uptake, photosynthesis hormonal regulation. As research this field advances, comprehensive understanding nuanced emerges, paving way for innovative agricultural practices development stress‐resistant crop varieties. delves into contemporary knowledge surrounding underscoring its significance promoting sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between silicon and alkaloid defences in endophyte‐infected grasses and the consequences for a folivore

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 249 - 261

Published: Sept. 12, 2021

Abstract Grasses have developed a wide range of morphological and physiological mechanisms to resist herbivory. For instance, they accumulate silicon (Si) in tissue, as physical defence, associate symbiotically with foliar Epichloë ‐endophytes that provide chemical defence via antiherbivore alkaloids. Recent evidence showed some increase Si forage grasses; however, whether this impacts insect herbivores is unknown. Furthermore, while primarily it also affects production plant defensive secondary metabolites; supply might therefore affect ‐alkaloids, although remains untested. We grew endophyte‐free (Nil) ‐infected tall fescue perennial ryegrass factorial combination or without supplementation, the absence presence Helicoverpa armigera . ‐endophyte strains were AR584 for fescue, AR37, AR1 Wild‐type (WT) ryegrass. assessed how interaction herbivory affected mutualist‐derived alkaloid concentrations. Subsequently, their effects on H. relative growth rates (RGRs) evaluated. Endophytes generally increased concentrations Si‐supplied plants. In endophytes constitutive (herbivore‐free) induced (herbivore‐inoculated) by at least 25%; contrast, ryegrass, endophyte only levels. did not alkaloids produced AR1/WT endophytes; herbivory, decreased induction AR37 33%. reduced RGR 76%, regardless endophytic status, whereas, endophyte‐alkaloids played role reducing herbivore supply. Conversely, both (regardless supply) synergised. Novel interactions between Si‐ alkaloid‐based defences grasses observed. Overall, had greater effect folivore than grasses. Endophyte contributed more resistance fescue. demonstrate antagonistic highlight protective nature varies grass‐endophyte species tested. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Nutrient-use efficiency

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 651 - 664

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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