Phytoplankton responses to changing temperature and nutrient availability are consistent across the tropical and subtropical Atlantic

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Abstract Temperature and nutrient supply interactively control phytoplankton growth productivity, yet the role of these drivers together still has not been determined experimentally over large spatial scales in oligotrophic ocean. We conducted four microcosm experiments tropical subtropical Atlantic (29°N-27°S) which surface plankton assemblages were exposed to all combinations three temperatures (in situ, 3 °C warming cooling) two treatments (unamended enrichment with nitrogen phosphorus). found that chlorophyll a concentration biomass picophytoplankton consistently increase response addition, whereas changes temperature have smaller more variable effect. Nutrient leads increased picoeukaryote abundance, depressed Prochlorococcus contribution small nanophytoplankton total biomass. Warming addition synergistically stimulate light-harvesting capacity, accordingly largest is observed warmed, nutrient-enriched treatment at warmest least location (12.7°N). While moderate increases much larger impact than varying upon community structure phytoplankton, ocean may their ability exploit events enhanced availability.

Language: Английский

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The size and diversity of microbes determine carbon use efficiency in soil

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Soil is home to a multitude of microorganisms from all three domains life. These organisms and their interactions are crucial in driving the cycling soil carbon. One key indicator this process Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE), which shows how microbes influence carbon storage through biomass production. Although CUE varies among different microorganisms, there have been few studies that directly examine biotic factors CUE. such factor could be body size, can impact microbial growth rates soil, thereby influencing Despite this, evidence demonstrating direct causal connection between biodiversity still scarce. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted an experiment where manipulated size size‐selective filtering. Our findings show manipulating structure community reduce by approximately 65%. When restricted maximum community, observed reduction bacterial diversity functional potential, turn lowered community's Interestingly, when included large micro‐eukarya it shifted cycling, increasing 50% nitrogen ratio about 25%. metrics were able explain 36%–50% variation This highlights importance traits, trophic mediating cycling.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal patterns of microbial diversity across the world oceans

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 512 - 523

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Understanding the patterns of marine microbial diversity (Bacteria + Archaea) is essential, as variations in their alpha‐ and beta‐diversities can affect ecological processes. Investigations from global oceanographic expeditions basin‐wide transects show positive correlations between either temperature or productivity, but these studies rarely captured seasonality, especially polar regions. Here, using multiannual alpha‐diversity data eight time series northern southern hemispheres, we that community richness evenness generally correlate more strongly with daylength than chlorophyll a (a proxy for photosynthetic biomass). This pattern observable across found hemispheres regardless collection method, DNA extraction protocols, targeted 16S rRNA hypervariable region, sequencing technology, bioinformatics pipeline.

Language: Английский

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Shifting responses of phytoplankton to atmospheric and oceanic forcing in a prolonged marine heatwave

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(8), P. 1821 - 1834

Published: June 11, 2023

Abstract Marine heatwaves are becoming a severe challenge for marine ecosystems. However, current understanding of their impacts on phytoplankton, especially biomass and community structure, is still deficient or fragmentary. Here, we focus the response phytoplankton to prolonged (372 d) heatwave in southeastern tropical Indian Ocean 2015–2016. Despite similar surface warming throughout heatwave, found two distinctively different changes chlorophyll (Chl ) concentration, based which was divided into phases nearly equal duration. During Phase 1, Chl concentration increased slightly, while during 2 they decreased dramatically, with marked shift toward smaller‐size species. This difference mainly resulted from change dominant drivers shifted atmospheric forcing (enhanced net air–sea heat flux) 1 oceanic process (downwelling Kelvin waves) 2. The intensified near‐surface stratification upwelling waves led slight nutrient increase downwelling suppressed seasonal 2, resulting substantial decrease supply subsurface ocean, hence dramatic decreases biomass. Our results demonstrate complex responses highlight importance distinguishing driving mechanisms when evaluating ecological impacts.

Language: Английский

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Imbalanced phytoplankton C, N, P and its relationship with seawater nutrients in Xiamen Bay, China

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 114566 - 114566

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Eukaryotic cell size regulation and its implications for cellular function and dysfunction

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 104(4), P. 1679 - 1717

Published: June 20, 2024

Depending on cell type, environmental inputs, and disease, the cells in human body can have widely different sizes. In recent years, it has become clear that size is a major regulator of function. However, we are only beginning to understand how optimization function determines given cell’s optimal size. Here, review currently known control strategies eukaryotic intricate link intracellular biomolecular scaling, organelle homeostasis, cycle progression. We detail size-dependent regulation early development impact differentiation. Given importance for normal cellular physiology, must account changing conditions. describe sense stimuli, such as nutrient availability, accordingly adapt their by regulating growth Moreover, discuss correlation pathological states with misregulation long time this was considered downstream consequence dysfunction. newer studies reveal reversed causality, misregulated leading pathophysiological phenotypes senescence aging. summary, highlight important roles dysfunction, which could implications both diagnostics treatment clinic.

Language: Английский

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Winners and Losers of Atlantification: The Degree of Ocean Warming Affects the Structure of Arctic Microbial Communities

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 623 - 623

Published: March 1, 2023

Arctic microbial communities (i.e., protists and bacteria) are increasingly subjected to an intrusion of new species via Atlantification uncertain degree ocean warming. As differ in adaptive traits, these oceanic conditions may lead compositional changes with functional implications for the ecosystem. In June 2021, we incubated water from western Fram Strait at three temperatures (2 °C, 6 9 °C), mimicking current potential future properties Ocean. Our results show that increasing temperature °C only minorly affects community, while increase significantly lowers diversity shifts composition. A higher relative abundance large hetero- mixotrophic was observed 2 compared a intermediate-sized temperate diatoms °C. The differences led chlorophyll a:POC ratio, but C:N ratio remained similar. contradict common assumption smaller organisms heterotrophs favored under warming strongly indicate thermal limit between many species. Consequently, magnitude is crucial factor community reorganization ensuing ecological consequences

Language: Английский

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From cell size and first principles to structure and function of unicellular plankton communities

Progress In Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 102995 - 102995

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Here we review, synthesize, and analyse the size-based approach to model unicellular plankton cells communities. We first review how cell size influences processes of individual cell: uptake dissolved nutrients organic carbon, phototrophy, phagotrophy, metabolism. parameterize primarily from principles, using a synthesis existing data only when needed, show these determine minimum maximum limiting resource concentrations. The level scale directly up structure function entire ecosystem, heterotrophic bacteria zooplankton. Community is described by spectrum emergent trophic strategies. develop an analytical approximate solution strategies osmotrophy, light- nutrient-limited mixotrophy, pure phagotrophy depend on environment. further expressions quantify functions community: production, respiration, carbon available production higher levels, community responds changes in temperature grazing levels. finally discuss strengths limitations representations communities which additional trait axes will improve description functional diversity.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling effects of multiple agricultural stressors on benthic and hyporheic nitrate uptake

Biogeochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 167(3), P. 287 - 299

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Agricultural land use alters nitrate (NO 3 – ) uptake dynamics in streams, but the specific mechanisms linking individual agricultural stressors to benthic and hyporheic remain unclear. Using stream-side mesocosms 15 N-nitrate additions, we examined combined effects of fine sediment (FS) augmented light phosphorus levels (L&P) on NO rates. In absence FS, L&P stimulated autotrophic heterotrophic biofilms, leading a 12- 7-fold increase compartments, respectively. Under ambient nutrient conditions, FS reduced by 3-fold uptake, were not significant. Conversely, compartment, induced anoxic likely stimulating denitrification causing 14-fold uptake. When these combined, they did interact compartment. compartment interacted antagonistically, with diminishing FS. Our results indicate that previously observed whole-stream streams is attributable nutrients while role total are modest. Moreover, finding stressor interactions vary ecosystem compartments calls for consideration all their contribution whole-system functioning multiple studies. We beginning understand how interacting affect stream functioning, more mechanistic evidence needed disentangle whether additive or non-additive prevail human-altered ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Cell size, density, and nutrient dependency of unicellular algal gravitational sinking velocities

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(27)

Published: July 5, 2024

Eukaryotic phytoplankton, also known as algae, form the basis of marine food webs and drive carbon sequestration. Algae must regulate their motility gravitational sinking to balance access light at surface nutrients in deeper layers. However, regulation remains largely unknown, especially motile species. Here, we quantify velocities according Stokes’ law diverse clades unicellular microalgae reveal cell size, density, nutrient dependency velocities. We identify a algal species, Tetraselmis sp., that sinks faster when starved due photosynthesis-driven accumulation carbohydrates loss intracellular water, both which increase density. Moreover, is connected proliferation can respond multiple nutrients. Overall, our work elucidates how size density environmental conditions vertical migration algae.

Language: Английский

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