Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 777 - 788

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The relative effectiveness of different grassland restoration methods: A systematic literature search and meta‐analysis

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract Active grassland restoration has gained importance in mitigating the dramatic decline of farmnland biodiversity. While there is evidence that such operations are generally effective promoting plant diversity, little known about effectiveness different methods applied. Restoration can differ intensity seed bed preparation, source and method application. In this systematic literature search meta‐analysis, we screened for studies mesic grasslands temperate Europe. We focused on active experiments included a treatment lasted more than 3 years. evaluated influence factors species richness relative to non‐restored controls. found 187 articles investigated outcome aimed at actively restoring grasslands. Most plants, with only 9.6% dealing other organisms (e.g. beetles, pollinating insects). Many papers had be excluded due incomplete data, too short study duration and/or lack an adequate control. This resulted 13 fulfilling our criteria inclusion, yielding total 56 data points meta‐analysis. actions increased by, average, 17.4%, compared The explained significant amount variation richness: seeds originating from speciose donor positive effect. effect was even enhanced when combined commercial mix, whereas mixes alone no did not observe any factors, as type preparation or application method. A seed‐source obtained species‐rich seems key efficient Even though should preferred over seeds, associating natural increases richness. further revealed two major research gaps ecology: deficit long‐term investigations well focusing non‐plant organisms.

Language: Английский

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Assessing uncertainty in genomic offset forecasts from landscape genomic models (and implications for restoration and assisted migration)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 19, 2023

Introduction Ecological genomic models are increasingly used to guide climate-conscious restoration and conservation practices in the light of accelerating environmental change. Genomic offsets that quantify disruption existing genotype–environment associations under change a promising model-based tool inform such measures. With recent advances, potential applications offset predictions include but not restricted to: (1) assessing situ climate risks, (2) mapping future habitat suitability while accounting for local adaptations, or (3) selecting donor populations recipient areas maximize diversity minimize maladaptation environments assisted migration planning. As any approach, it is crucial understand how arbitrary decisions made during modeling process affect induce uncertainty. Methods Here, we present sensitivity analysis various components influence forecasts offset-based metrics, using red spruce ( Picea rubens ), cool-temperate tree species endemic eastern North America, as case study. We assess effects marker set, climatic predictor scenario, “not-to-exceed” threshold evaluate uncertainty varies across space. Results Climate scenario induced by far largest our forecasts; however, choice set was also important regions Southern Central Appalachians high relevance efforts. While much effort often expended identifying candidate loci, found minor importance. The maximum limit transfers between locations programs has mostly affected magnitude rather than geographic variation predictions. Discussion Overall, model suggest risks entire distributional range strongly underscore help ameliorate these risks. In regard, well along US Canadian east coast seem best candidates both relocation.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem restoration with local or broad seed provenancing: Debates and perceptions in science and practice

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 293, P. 110535 - 110535

Published: April 3, 2024

The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration gives new momentum to restoration projects worldwide, which often involve the introduction of plant species. Research evidence shows that success can depend seed source. However, there are still debates about pros and cons local vs. broad provenancing in restoration. Despite a general agreement need for transfer regulation, debate challenges or delays implementation In this perspective article, we highlighted creates bottleneck also examined issue by surveying opinion Hungarian ecologist researchers, conservation practitioners working restoration, other experts perception prioritization further research versus immediate action. Researchers had markedly different attitudes; defining aims prioritization, using genetic knowledge, species focus were most important while provenancing, feasibility, rapid action prioritized practitioners. Comparison views stakeholders linking decision framework is novelty study, step necessary understand each cooperate successful results reflect reactive proactive antagonism should be discussed identify approach beneficial feasible given scale. What needed dive into implementation, jointly find bottlenecks, such as sourcing, solve problems best available knowledge compromises.

Language: Английский

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Low genetic differentiation across restored and natural populations shortly after a large‐scale, post‐fire seeding in the Great Basin

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Genetic diversity is essential for species to adapt environmental changes. In restoration efforts, such as those after large wildfires in the sagebrush steppe of Great Basin, commercially produced native seeds are used revegetate burned areas. While seed certification and procurement protocols assure that genetically appropriate restoration, how post‐fire seeding affects genetic integrity wildland populations at landscape scale unknown. To assess effects on populations, we conducted a survey Bluebunch wheatgrass ( Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] Á.Löve ssp. Spicata ) within perimeter recent megafire southeastern Oregon southwestern Idaho, United States. We genotyped 760 samples with 10 polymorphic loci. found similar four 5 years compared unseeded were either or unburned. Furthermore, neither increased nor decreased distance from fire's edge, suggesting wind dispersal neighboring remnant plays minor role immediate recovery resprouting germination bank. Though no change was detected short term, this variation provides an empirical baseline can be track changes these over time.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of ecological restoration on the genetic diversity of plant species: A global meta‐analysis

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(6), P. 1149 - 1160

Published: April 12, 2023

Abstract In contrast to the depth of knowledge available for enhancement plant species diversity and ecosystem services through ecological restoration, our understanding how restoration impacts genetic (GD) has not yet been synthesized. We performed a global meta‐analysis examine whether improved GD in restored populations. First, we compared populations with reference or degraded Second, explored influence on varies between different characteristics (life form threat status), strategies (active/passive, seeding/planting, mixture/non‐mixture) times (<50 ≥ 50 years; an average 29.3 years). The was significantly lower ( H E , 1.06%; PPB 5.10%, SWI 4.95%) than but comparable inbreeding coefficient F IS proportion by which heterozygosity individual is reduced inbreeding) consistently Woody herbs forest grassland had Passive active seeding rather planting, mixing materials from sources using single source, all increased When time ≥50 years, <50 Synthesis applications . general, did improve This might be due part relatively short time. Using passive seeding, mixed could increase emphasize that should treated as minor cobenefit other purposes recovery listed vital goal future species.

Language: Английский

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Ecological restoration after management of invasive alien plants

Ecological Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 107122 - 107122

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Native bee habitat restoration: key ecological considerations from recent North American literature

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Habitat loss is a primary driver of global biodiversity decline, negatively impacting many species, including native bees. One approach to counteract the consequences habitat through restoration, which includes transformation degraded or damaged habitats increase biodiversity. In this review, we survey bee restoration literature over last 14 years provide insights into how best promote diversity and abundance natural landscapes in North America. We highlight relevant questions concepts consider throughout various stages projects, categorizing them pre-, during-, post-restoration stages. emphasize importance planning species- site-specific strategies support bees, providing floral non-floral resources increasing nest site availability. Lastly, underscore significance conducting evaluations long-term monitoring following efforts. By identifying effective methods, success indicators, areas for future research, our review presents comprehensive framework that can guide land managers during urgent time restoration.

Language: Английский

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Bee-Friendly Native Seed Mixtures for the Greening of Solar Parks

Land, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1265 - 1265

Published: June 20, 2023

Photovoltaics is one of the key technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate neutrality Europe by 2050, which has led to promotion solar parks. These parks can span up several hundred hectares, grassland vegetation usually created between under panels. Establishing species-rich grasslands using native seed mixtures enhance a variety ecosystem services, including pollination. We present an overall concept designing promote pollinators, especially wild bees, in It takes into account specific site conditions, small-scale modified conditions caused panels, requirement avoid panel shading. highlight challenges constraints resulting from availability species on market. Furthermore, we provide easy-to-use index determining value bee enhancement apply it as example specifically designed The increased regional would allow more thorough consideration pollinator-relevant traits when composing mixtures, thereby enhancing services associated with pollinators such bees.

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of flower phenology and clonality in restored populations of multiple grassland species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 836 - 846

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract Restoration of terrestrial ecosystems often requires re‐introduction plants. In restored sites, the plants face environments that differ from those natural populations. This can affect plant traits, reduce performance and impose novel selection pressures. As a response, populations might rapidly evolve adapt to conditions. may enhance population survival contribute restoration success, but has been rarely tested so far. Here, we focused on three grassland species 20 years ago ( Galium wirtgenii , Inula salicina Centaurea jacea ) by transfer green hay, compared them with donor were source hay. We measured both in situ, common garden under control stress sites flowered earlier than two out species. garden, (in or showed increased plasticity clonal propagation response clipping ). Both these traits suggest rapid adaptation contrasting mowing regimes comparison sites. detected no differentiation, neither nor garden. Synthesis applications . Grassland introduced into degraded habitats within framework ecological quite commonly pressures at evolution likely increases plant's new conditions thus enhances likelihood ultimately success. While most practitioners do not consider be part restoration, our finding highlights systems considerable eco‐evolutionary dynamics.

Language: Английский

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