Ecosourcing for resilience in a changing environment

New Zealand Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(4), P. 641 - 666

Published: May 30, 2023

Ecosourcing seed of 'local genetic stock' for ecological restoration has been practiced in New Zealand about 50 years. However, we believe that it become unnecessarily restrictive. ensures plants used are adapted to local conditions and maintains current distributional patterns. It also restricts diversity, confines species their historic range, reduces the conservation options threatened species. For example, tree species, life form most frequently plantings, have low population differentiation high net migration alleles throughout range. Therefore, very little is gained through restrictive ecosourcing seed. Furthermore, avoidance danger inbreeding depression widening scope closer environmental matching, argues larger rather smaller source areas. Climate change, extinctions across multiple trophic levels, habitat loss fragmentation, spread invasive novel habitats completely altered contemporary biotic landscape. Conservation needs engage with these changes if protect restore ecosystems. Restrictive counter-productive as limits utilising genotypic, phenotypic ecotypic thus evolutionary potential indigenous opportunities biodiversity when populations small, response climate change. A new approach needed. We recommend phylogeographic patterns biogeographic boundaries be set nine broad regions and, within regions, adaptation particular environments a guide selection. This more relaxed will improve outcomes increasing reducing detrimental effects promoting rescue Examples adopting an eco-evolutionary provided early-successional coloniser Kunzea ericoides late-successional conifer

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of flower phenology and clonality in restored populations of multiple grassland species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 836 - 846

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract Restoration of terrestrial ecosystems often requires re‐introduction plants. In restored sites, the plants face environments that differ from those natural populations. This can affect plant traits, reduce performance and impose novel selection pressures. As a response, populations might rapidly evolve adapt to conditions. may enhance population survival contribute restoration success, but has been rarely tested so far. Here, we focused on three grassland species 20 years ago ( Galium wirtgenii , Inula salicina Centaurea jacea ) by transfer green hay, compared them with donor were source hay. We measured both in situ, common garden under control stress sites flowered earlier than two out species. garden, (in or showed increased plasticity clonal propagation response clipping ). Both these traits suggest rapid adaptation contrasting mowing regimes comparison sites. detected no differentiation, neither nor garden. Synthesis applications . Grassland introduced into degraded habitats within framework ecological quite commonly pressures at evolution likely increases plant's new conditions thus enhances likelihood ultimately success. While most practitioners do not consider be part restoration, our finding highlights systems considerable eco‐evolutionary dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Uprooting is a promising tool to control invasive giant ragweed and recover native diversity

NeoBiota, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 311 - 331

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) is an invasive species that causes habitat destruction and competitively excludes native plants in many parts of Europe Asia. In this study, we evaluated the effects selective cutting uprooting on A. plant diversity, as well sowing seeds annual, perennial woody after eradication. We hypothesised that: (i) will be more effective than controlling invasion by because fewer propagules would left behind, with no increase number existing (ii) resistance accelerate recovery diversity. The eradication methods were applied July 2022, sown March 2023 response variables (i.e. importance values (%) diversity index (H') species) measured September 2023. lowest was highest treatment, supporting first hypothesis. Sowing following removal did not exert significant additional suppressive or These results reveal a promising tool to control support while does improve quality restoration.

Language: Английский

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Floristic classifications and bioregionalizations are not predictors of intra-specific evolutionary patterns

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

The relationship between intra-specific and inter-specific patterns processes over evolutionary time is key to ecological investigations. We examine this taking an approach of focussing on the association vegetation floristic classifications, summaries processes, genetic structuring. Applying innovative, multispecies, standardised population genomic approach, we test mapping schemes structuring variation across a large, environmentally heterogenous region in eastern Australia. show that shows limited correspondence classifications better explained by distance sampled populations location biogeographical features which limit gene flow. Mapping with contiguous classes, particularly larger ones, were more predictive lineages, whether based environmental factors or not, than geographically non-contiguous schemes. conclude are not closely correlated patterns, showing recapitulated assembly processes. This study showcases need implement landscape level species specific datasets, restoration conservation activities.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen limitation reduces the performance of target plant species in restored meadows

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(7)

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Restoring habitats degraded by intensive agriculture is challenging, and the resulting communities often have lower quality host fewer species than reference ecosystems. To improve restoration outputs, we need to understand what limits both establishment performance of target in restored populations. In this study, focused on grassland with regional seeds compared two herbs, Betonica officinalis Centaurea jacea , between We also measured plant functional traits environmental characteristics which parameters affect population performance. Individual plants were smaller populations, indicates reduced Leaves from populations contained more δ 15 N and, less nitrogen higher C:N ratio, suggests that may be limited nitrogen. Nitrogen limitation all was further corroborated low N:P ratio bulk biomass. recorded massive herbivory damage likely species' meadows. summary, showed conspecifics sites, probably due nutrient imbalance (low availability) excessive damage.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and common garden data reveal significant genetic differentiation in the endangered San Fernando Valley spineflower Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 879 - 896

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract San Fernando Valley spineflower ( Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina [S. Watson] Jeps.) (Polygonaceae) is an herbaceous annual plant, endemic to California, and until rediscovered in 1999 had been thought be extinct for almost seven decades. Historically documented at 10 locations, it currently persists 2, separated by approximately 27 km. State listed as endangered, a description of its genetic diversity structure conservation interest. After determining lack variation ploidy, we examined from samples within both populations: common garden study potentially adaptive selected growth phenological traits analysis single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. Both measures indicated that this highly restricted taxon nevertheless harbors substantial levels has significant between- within-population structure. Combining approaches population genomics studies provided more insight into the patterns basis than typical non-model species. Although local adaptation was not specifically studied (i.e., via reciprocal transplant studies), differences determined these two independent lines evidence indicate mixing gene pools between populations recommended time. Further, with revealed among subpopulations, caution against genotypes across subpopulations most part, without much would pose risk outbreeding depression. The importance supporting pollinator health highlighted. With diversity—particularly species—being dynamic, fluctuating usual processes contributions soil seedbank, recommend periodic resampling monitor Climate change anticipated contribute variability.

Language: Английский

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Seed sourcing for climate‐resilient grasslands: The role of seed source diversity during early restoration establishment

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract Restoration advocates for the use of local seed in restoration, but theory suggests that diverse sources may enhance genetic diversity and longer term evolutionary potential within restored communities. However, few empirical studies have evaluated whether species impacts plant community composition following restoration. The goal this research is to compare effects single multi‐sourced mix treatments on Species establishment, abundance, were compared two restoration created include 14 commonly used grassland We application mixes designed using a population per with those containing five populations across sites Minnesota South Dakota, United States. Early establishment richness mostly reflected non‐seeded both sites, although seeded established at slightly higher rate year At Dakota site, largely changes associated growing season as opposed treatment. This contrasted where appeared be strongly influenced by While there some evidence treatment influencing emergent spatial heterogeneity site likely early emergence over Indeed, varying land‐use history contributed differences observed stage limited impact post‐restoration relative importance history. future monitoring will needed evaluate time.

Language: Английский

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Grassland restoration on former arable land: Fine‐scale grass accumulation and damaged soil conditions limit species establishment

Applied Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(2)

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract Question Which vegetation and soil parameters limit species establishment in restored grasslands? Do these operate predominantly on a fine or community scale? Location White Carpathian Mountains, SE Czech Republic. Methods We compared 16 grasslands former arable land with 9 well‐preserved reference grasslands. sampled cover of plant plots 2 m × (community scale) which four 20 cm subplots (fine were nested. quantified fine‐scale heterogeneity as the mean Sørensen dissimilarity index among composition subplots. To characterize site conditions, we analyzed properties, above‐ground biomass its nutrient content. Results Restored had lower number at both scales. Species scale was positively associated (irrespective grassland type), but not heterogeneity. This indicates importance biotic interactions for overall diversity. In support this, types, negatively grasses, only scale. Total (but biomass) grasslands, related number, particularly that mainly resulted from deteriorated abiotic conditions. Such deterioration environment can be attributed to restored, formerly plowed They organic matter content higher proportion particles (silt clay), indicating reduced water availability. The N also reflected biomass, where N:P N:K ratios indicated limitation growth by N‐supply. Conclusion generally driven interactions, operated similarly types. is result several factors altered conditions appears highly important.

Language: Английский

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Structuring supply chains of native plant material of wild and local provenance in France: A contribution to ecological restoration and Nature-based solutions

Nature-Based Solutions, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100035 - 100035

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

European policies aim to simultaneously address the biodiversity and climate crises, partially through implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS). In parallel, 2021–2030 United Nations decade on Ecosystem Restoration an increasing scientific community call for prioritising native species in ecological restoration programmes. particular, use plant material wild local provenance yields important benefits agroecology, urban environment management fulfills five fundamental IUCN NbS criterias. Following a growing initiative production provenance, "Végétal local" trademark was created 2015 France. As part its initiation, 11 bioregions were designed guarantee origin controls traceability throughout supply chain, i.e., from collection trade. Such has already been mainstreamed into NbS-related programmes this article describes how helped deliver range environmental societal outputs. Project managers should continue rely roll out further meet their objectives.

Language: Английский

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Sod translocation to restore habitats of the myrmecophilous butterfly Phengaris (Maculinea) teleius on former agricultural fields

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

In Europe, 50%-70% of former natural grassland area has been destroyed during the past 30 years due to land use changes, losses are expected increase in future. Restoration is thought reverse this situation by creating suitable abiotic conditions. paper, we investigate effects sod translocation with specific vegetation facilitate restoration a intensive agricultural field into wet meadow. First, starting conditions were optimized including modification local hydrology, removal fertilized topsoil, application liming, and fresh clippings as seed source. The second part aimed at restoring habitat for butterfly species

Language: Английский

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