Marine Nature Reserve: The Starting Point of Marine Ecological Environment Protection in China?

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 129 - 129

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

A marine nature reserve is an area designated by law for the special protection and management of sea areas, coasts, estuarine wetlands, islands, other areas needing protection, including objects exceptional conservation value. The purpose these reserves to protect natural environment resources sea. construction China’s protected can be traced back establishing Snake Island Nature Reserve in 1963. Over past six decades, China has established a network specially (including parks), which have played pivotal role safeguarding biodiversity, promoting integration land sea, defending country’s maritime rights interests. Nevertheless, challenge solve. It imperative further advance development enhancing spatial planning streamlining system, delineating interests associated with using areas.

Language: Английский

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Marine protected areas can benefit biodiversity even when bycatch species only partially overlap fisheries

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 621 - 632

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly relied upon to preserve biodiversity and ensure fisheries sustainability. Although recent analyses have shown that MPAs can provide overall benefits even when they only redistribute fishing effort, these did not account for refuges outside of grounds non‐target species. It has been argued such could render obsolete where their chief benefit is species persistence. Here, we modelled the outcomes associated with placing within a seascape species' ranges extend beyond grounds. In scenarios no explicit fishing‐induced habitat damage, found provided net so long as there was at least an approximately 60% overlap between ranges. damage species, instead benefitted all overlaps, but this reduced if target abundances also declined damage. Additionally, identified counterintuitive mechanisms by which either help or harm same depending on location changing effort distribution patterns. However, always increase total required reach catch target. Policy implications : Our results showed still deliver in otherwise well‐regulated fully overlap, particularly sensitive habitats were present. Well‐placed should thus be considered settings. less likely useful range overlaps low resulted higher maintain catches.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting Fishery Sustainability Targets

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(11)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Density-dependent population dynamic models strongly influence many of the world's most important harvest policies. Nearly all classic (e.g. Beverton-Holt and Ricker) recommend that managers maintain a size roughly 40-50 percent carrying capacity to maximize sustainable harvest, no matter species' growth rate. Such insights are foundational logic behind sustainability targets biomass reference points for fisheries. However, simple, less-commonly used model, called Hockey-Stick yields very different recommendations. We show optimal in this as proportion capacity, is one over This leads more conservative policies slow-growing species, compared other models, if use same rate values. parameters typically not fixed; they estimated after model-fitting. If model lower estimates than then policy could yield absolute practice. Therefore, better understand may be recommended across real fisheries, we fit Hockey-Stick, Ricker time series data 284 fished species from RAM Stock Assessment database. found usually fisheries sizes higher (in 69-81% sets). Furthermore, 77% datasets, an target even 60% (a widely target, thought conservative). there was considerable uncertainty fitting. While several sets best, also frequently similarly well. In general, best-fitting rarely had overwhelming support probability greater 95% achieved less five datasets). A computational experiment, where were simulated three revealed often best when it true suggesting likely too small noisy resolve uncertainties functional forms density-dependent growth. warrant revisiting, especially species.

Language: Английский

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Dispersal induced catastrophic bifurcations, Arnold tongues, shrimp structures, and stock patterns in an ecological system

Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of discrete-time predator-prey model within homogeneous two-patch environment, incorporating both prey and predator dispersal. We consider logistic growth for species, the predation process is based on Holling type-II functional response in isolated patches. explore existence multiple coexisting equilibria establish their stability conditions. By independently varying dispersal rates, we discover sequence phenomena including bifurcations, quasiperiodicity, chaos. In addition, observe 10-period orbit, each point periodic orbit gives birth to closed invariant curve. Such large number curves are generally not reported spatially coupled population models. The system exhibits catastrophic (non-smooth) jumps smooth transitions dynamics whenever bifurcation occurs. Commonly, can only destabilize equilibrium. However, found stabilization equilibrium, which rare occurrence. Furthermore, two-parameter space reveals intricate when rates varied simultaneously, showcasing complex emergence organized regimes such as Arnold tongues shrimp structures. also investigate stock pattern species with respect study enhances understanding interactions environments, illuminating dynamic nature.

Language: Английский

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