Bioactive compounds in human milk

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Purpose of review: Human milk is the optimal food choice for infants. Reviewing latest advances in research about human compounds and their effect on health helps understand benefits breastfeeding improves knowledge key bioactive nutrients that can be used to improve feeding during infancy, with short long-time effects health. Recent findings: In last years, it has been described how such as oligosaccharides, hormones, lipids, cellular components microbes play an important role infants’ health, reducing risk infectious, metabolic autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms transmission from mother infant these are not always well described, but there several lines biological beneficial effects. Summary: These findings may help maternal interventions, modifiable factors able modulate composition. They development formulas enhance nutritional plans. Also, identification isolation describe new ways supplementation.

Language: Английский

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Recent trends in human milk oligosaccharides: New synthesis technology, regulatory effects, and mechanisms of non‐intestinal functions

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Recently, the non‐intestinal functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been widely documented, including their roles in promoting brain development and growth, as well ameliorating anxiety, allergies, obesity. Understanding mechanisms action is becoming increasingly critical. Furthermore, these effects are frequently associated with type structure HMOs. As an innovative technology, “plant factory” expected to complement traditional synthesis technology. This study reviews novel techniques. Particular emphasis placed on processes, advantages, limitations technology can express genes related HMO instantaneously plant leaves, thereby enabling rapid cost‐effective generation However, remains underdeveloped, challenges low yield unsustainable production must be addressed. we present overview most recent clinical preclinical studies review emphasizes underlying HMOs primarily exert through cleavage beneficial monomer components, metabolism produce advantageous metabolites, regulation immune responses.

Language: Английский

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Gut-lung Axis mediates asthma pathogenesis: Roles of dietary patterns and their impact on the gut microbiota

Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 104964 - 104964

Published: April 8, 2025

The gut-lung axis, a vital signaling network linking the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems, regulates immune responses progression of respiratory diseases. Nutritional components can modulate gut microbiome regulate synthesis critical intestinal microbial metabolites, which are essential for maintaining homeostasis supporting health. Conversely, poor dietary habits exacerbate asthma other conditions through modulation systemic inflammation responses. Dietary interventions, such as Mediterranean diet, reported to restore balance improve health by increasing production anti-inflammatory potentiating responses, preserving epithelial barrier integrity. In contrast, Western patterns, characterized high fat low fiber intake, disrupt diversity, resulting in increased levels pro-inflammatory metabolites that aggravate airway severity. This review aimed elucidate mechanisms underlying regulatory effects microbes their on asthma. Additionally, previous findings related axis have been summarized, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies management.

Language: Английский

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3-Fucosyllactose Prevents Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Derived Pantothenate in Mice

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health threat. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit prebiotic properties that may alleviate NAFLD progression. Herein, our study demonstrates 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), distinctive and crucial HMO, significantly attenuates body weight gain, enhances hepatic lipid metabolism, reduces inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. These findings suggest its potential as dietary supplement for preventing alleviating Subsequently, fecal metagenomic nontargeted metabolomics analyses revealed 3-FL treatment alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, with specific enhancement of the pantothenate (vitamin B5) metabolic pathways. Our targeted metabolite analysis further significant increase both concentrations, which contributed to coenzyme A (CoA)-mediated metabolism pathway. Furthermore, subsequent population cohort correlation between serum levels progression NAFLD, thereby reinforcing candidacy noninvasive diagnostic biomarker. show acts an effective symptoms, part by enhancing microbiota-mediated pantothenate/CoA

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Neotetraose Promotes Gut Microbiota Recovery in the Context of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may shape intestinal homeostasis, although the optimal form of HMOs to restore gut microbiota in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis remains unclear. Here, we found that with various structures modulate microbial communities differently after antibiotic exposure. Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) better promotes recovery (chiefly Lactobacillus) and increases level Bifidobacterium compared 3'-sialyllactose, 2'-fucosyllactose, mixture. Additionally, LNnT decreases potential pathogenic bacteria Klebsiella index. Although supplementation does not decrease Clostridioides difficile burden or alleviate decline fecal numbers Lactobacillus C. infection (CDI), attenuates epithelial damage, inflammatory status, alters metabolome profiles CDI. Collectively, function as a promising prebiotic promote context dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Development and validation of an LC-MS method for free monosaccharide analysis in milk from 8 species

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Free monosaccharides are important carbohydrates in milk, providing both basic and bioactive nutritional benefits; however, the content composition of free milk from different species still not well understood. The aim this study was to develop a highly sensitive accurate liquid chromatography (LC)-MS method for precise quantification 8 species, including human, cow, goat, sheep, yak, camel, horse, donkey. chromatographic conditions MS parameters were systematically optimized ensure high resolution, minimal matrix effects, low detection limits all target monosaccharides. validated with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.996), recovery rates (94.18%-115.02%), CV (<10%), demonstrating robustness across various concentrations. compositional analysis revealed significant interspecies differences monosaccharide profiles. Human uniquely enriched glucose (4,262.98 ± 246.49 ng/mL) fucose (1,024.80 61.82 ng/mL). In contrast, ruminant such as cow sheep exhibited levels galactose (1,803.56 94.63 ng/mL 1,230.31 52.33 ng/mL, respectively) mannose (375.24 16.27 55.81 3.76 respectively). Principal component complementary stacked bar chart effectively visualized clustering relative distribution among highlighting their metabolic functional diversity. This provides novel insights into biological roles evolutionary significance developed LC-MS offers robust tool advancing our understanding its implications neonatal nutrition, dairy product innovation, human health.

Language: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharides and milk fat globule membrane ameliorate allergic reactions in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolic functions

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(22), P. 11252 - 11265

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the fat globule membrane (MFGM) represent novel treatments for cow's allergy (CMA). They exhibit beneficial attribute of diminishing nutrient damage when compared to conventional enzymatic digestion proteins. However, effects mechanisms underlying synergistic interaction between HMOs MFGM in treatment remain unclear. Consequently, this study was undertaken assess protective properties against CMA elucidate their potential a mouse model β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-induced allergy. The findings demonstrated that could significantly reduce score splenic index, they diminished levels inflammatory mediators (total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, histamine, mMCP-1), while concurrently bolstering tight junctions (

Language: Английский

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