Reporting likelihood ratio for casework in firearm evidence identification DOI

John Song,

Huixu Song

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 399 - 406

Published: Dec. 18, 2022

Likelihood ratio (LR) plays an important role in estimating the weight of evidence firearm identifications. LR is computed from a statistical model including distribution known-matching (KM or within) and known-nonmatching (KNM between) comparison scores. Current procedures rely on KM/KNM scores existing reference toolmark data sets alternatively generating set test fires using multiple firearms. Both may contain theoretical practical issues which hinder reporting unbiased estimation casework. In this paper, was established firearms, each test-fired two cartridge cases, resulting basic control set. The congruent matching cells (CMC) method used to generate CMC that are fit distributions for estimation. initial test, 130 firearms eight manufacturers were consisting 260 cases representing KM 8385 KNM pairwise breech face images. Test results showed intersect at = 2, equivalent 1 (equally support both prosecutor defense propositions). When threshold increased 6 more, values higher than million, can provide extremely strong conclusion same (or prosecutor's proposition) casework identification.

Language: Английский

Challenges in Modeling, Interpreting, and Drawing Conclusions from Images as Forensic Evidence DOI Creative Commons

Karen Kafadar,

Alicia L. Carriquiry

Statistics and data science in imaging., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Assessing forensic ballistics three-dimensionally through graphical reconstruction and immersive VR observation DOI Creative Commons
Luca Guarnera, Oliver Giudice, Salvatore Livatino

et al.

Multimedia Tools and Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 82(13), P. 20655 - 20681

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Abstract A crime scene can provide valuable evidence critical to explain reason and modality of the occurred crime, it also lead arrest criminals. The type collected by investigators or law enforcement may accordingly effective involved cases. Bullets cartridge cases examination is paramount importance in forensic science because they contain traces microscopic striations, impressions markings, which are unique reproducible as “ballistic fingerprints”. analysis bullets a complicated challenging process, typically based on optical comparison, leading identification employed firearm. New methods have recently been proposed for more accurate comparisons, rely three-dimensionally reconstructed data. This paper aims at further advancing recent introducing novel immersive technique ballistics comparison means Virtual Reality. Users examine shapes through intuitive natural gestures, from any vantage viewpoint (including internal iper-magnified views), while having their disposal sets visual aids could not be easily implemented desktop-based applications. user study was conducted assess viability performance our solution, fourteen individuals acquainted with standard procedures used agencies. Results clearly indicated that approach faster adaptation users UI/UX explainable results.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Generalizable features-based method for breech face comparisons DOI

Baohong Li,

Hao Zhang, Ashraf Uz Zaman Robin

et al.

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Reporting likelihood ratio for casework in firearm evidence identification DOI

John Song,

Huixu Song

Journal of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 399 - 406

Published: Dec. 18, 2022

Likelihood ratio (LR) plays an important role in estimating the weight of evidence firearm identifications. LR is computed from a statistical model including distribution known-matching (KM or within) and known-nonmatching (KNM between) comparison scores. Current procedures rely on KM/KNM scores existing reference toolmark data sets alternatively generating set test fires using multiple firearms. Both may contain theoretical practical issues which hinder reporting unbiased estimation casework. In this paper, was established firearms, each test-fired two cartridge cases, resulting basic control set. The congruent matching cells (CMC) method used to generate CMC that are fit distributions for estimation. initial test, 130 firearms eight manufacturers were consisting 260 cases representing KM 8385 KNM pairwise breech face images. Test results showed intersect at = 2, equivalent 1 (equally support both prosecutor defense propositions). When threshold increased 6 more, values higher than million, can provide extremely strong conclusion same (or prosecutor's proposition) casework identification.

Language: Английский

Citations

2