Emerald Ash Borer Management and Research: Decades of Damage and Still Expanding

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 239 - 258

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Since the discovery of ash tree ( Fraxinus spp.) killer emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis) in United States 2002 and Moscow, Russia 2003, substantial detection management efforts have been applied to contain monitor its spread mitigate impacts. Despite these efforts, pest continues within North America. It has European Ukraine is causing sporadic outbreaks native range China. The dynamics EAB's expansion events appear be linked lack resistant trees invaded ranges, facilitated by abundance or planted American susceptible species. We review recently gained knowledge EAB; ecological, economic, social impacts; past with their successes limitations. also highlight advances biological control, mechanisms resistance, new approaches under development, aim guiding more effective management.

Language: Английский

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Chromosome-scale genomes of commercial timber trees (Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea, and Tectona grandis)

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Abstract Wood is the most important natural and endlessly renewable source of energy. Despite ecological economic importance wood, many aspects its formation have not yet been investigated. We performed chromosome-scale genome assemblies three timber trees ( Ochroma pyramidale, Mesua ferrea , Tectona grandis ) which exhibit different wood properties such as density, hardness, growth rate, fiber cell wall thickness. The combination 10X, stLFR, Hi-Fi sequencing HiC data led us to assemble high-quality genomes evident by scaffold N50 length 55.97 Mb O. pyramidale ), 22.37 M. 14.55 T. with >97% BUSCO completeness assemblies. A total 35774, 24027, 44813 protein-coding genes were identified in respectively. generated this study anticipated serve a valuable genetic resource will promote comparative genomic analyses, it practical gaining further understanding non-model woody species.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering recursive polyploidization in Lamiales and reconstructing their chromosome evolutionary trajectories

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195(3), P. 2143 - 2157

Published: March 14, 2024

Lamiales is an order of core eudicots with abundant diversity, and many plants have important medicinal ornamental values. Here, we comparatively reanalyzed 11 species well-assembled genome sequences found evidence that plants, in addition to a hexaploidization or whole-genome triplication (WGT) shared by eudicots, experienced further polyploidization events, establishing new groups the order. Notably, identified duplication (WGD) occurred just before split Scrophulariaceae from other families, such as Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Lamiaceae, suggesting its likely being causal reason for establishment fast divergence these families. We also WGT ∼68 78 million years ago (Mya), near Oleaceae implying it may caused their family. Then, exploring distinguishing intra- intergenomic chromosomal homology due recursive speciation, respectively, inferred ancestral cell karyotype had proto-chromosomes. reconstructed evolutionary trajectories proto-chromosomes form extant chromosomes each plant under study. must note most proto-chromosomes, duplicated during WGD thereafter, been well preserved jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) genome, showing credibility present inference implementing telomere-centric chromosome repatterning model. These efforts are understand after polyploidization, especially shedding light on origin angiosperm evolution.

Language: Английский

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A high‐quality reference genome forFraxinus pennsylvanicafor ash species restoration and research

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1284 - 1302

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Abstract Green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ) is the most widely distributed tree in North America. Once common, it has experienced high mortality from non‐native invasive emerald borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis ). A small percentage of native green trees that remain healthy long‐infested areas, termed “lingering ash,” display partial resistance to insect, indicating breeding and propagating populations with higher EAB may be possible. To assist breeding, ecology evolution studies, we report first chromosome‐level assembly genus for F . over 99% bases anchored 23 haploid chromosomes, spanning 757 Mb total, composed 49.43% repetitive DNA, containing 35,470 high‐confidence gene models assigned 22,976 Asterid orthogroups. We also present results range‐wide genetic variation identification candidate genes important traits including potential EAB‐resistance genes, an investigation comparative genome organization among Asterids based on this reference platform. Residual duplicated regions within probably resulting a recent whole duplication event Oleaceae were visualized relation wild olive Olea europaea var. sylvestris used our chromosome construct reference‐guided assemblies 27 previously sequenced taxa, excelsior Thus, significant step forward genomic resources research protection species.

Language: Английский

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Structure and evolution of the Forsythieae genome elucidated by chromosome-level genome comparison of Abeliophyllum distichum and Forsythia ovata (Oleaceae)

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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The gap‐free genome assembly and multi‐omics analyses illustrate the evolutionary history and the synthesis of medicinal components of Ligustrum lucidum

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 121(4)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SUMMARY Ligustrum lucidum , an important ornamental and medicinal plant in the Oleaceae family, has become a globally notorious invasive species because of its high adaptability. However, lack quality genome hindered understanding genetic basis for broad adaptability mechanisms component synthesis. In this study, we successfully assembled gap free telomere to L. . Through reconstruction phylogenetic tree, presented evidence that Jasmineae diverged from earlier than Forsythieae, which challenges existing relationships within Oleaceae. Comparative genomics found two rounds gene family expansions significantly increased number genes related biotic abiotic stress resistances, may lay foundation Among fruits January March our investigation, results metabolome show be optimal harvesting time. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic data, identified candidate involved synthesis compounds, such as specnuezhenide, salidroside, oleanolic acid. This study provides valuable genomic resources comparative studies research

Language: Английский

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Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

The Oleaceae family, encompassing key genera such as Fraxinus (ash trees), Olea (olives), Jasminum (jasmine), Syringa (lilac), and Forsythia, plays a crucial ecological economic role. Despite their importance, the evolutionary dynamics immune system adaptations of NLR (Nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeats) gene family remain largely unexplored. This study employs high-throughput comparative genomics to investigate evolution across family. genus is widely distributed both New Old Worlds, with 23 distinct species analyzed in this study. Our results reveal predominant strategy conservation these species. Geographical adaptation has played significant role, particularly World ash tree species, which exhibit dynamic patterns expansion contraction within last 50 million years. Notably, genes acquired from an ancient whole genome duplication event (~ 35 Mya) have been retained lineages. In contrast, (olives) undergone extensive driven by recent duplications birth novel families. These differences likely enhance Olea's ability recognize diverse pathogens through expansions, while maintains specialized responses conserved genes, potential trade-offs pathogen energy efficiency. terms distribution, all show enhanced pseudogenization TIR-NLRs CCG10-NLR. However, RNA-seq expression analysis olive suggests that partial despite incomplete structure, may play important roles plant responses. provides comprehensive offering insights into adaptive mechanisms response genera.

Language: Английский

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Genome-Wide Resequencing Revealed the Genetic Diversity of Fraxinus platypoda Oliv. in Northwestern China

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 860 - 860

Published: May 21, 2025

Fraxinus platypoda Oliv. (Oleaceae), an ecologically and economically valuable tree species with key distribution areas in northwestern China, faces conservation challenges due to its fragmented groups scarce individual numbers. To investigate the genetic consequences of this demographic crisis, we analyzed 65 individuals from 11 natural region using whole-genome resequencing. We identified a total 60,503,092 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), after further filtering, retained 3,394,299 SNPs for subsequent analysis. Population structure analysis (Neighbor-Joining tree, STRUCTURE, kinship coefficients) revealed two distinct clusters (K = 2), principal component (PCA) confirming subdivision. Cluster I, composed eight Groups 3, 5, 8, 11, is highly differentiated II may be ancestral it. Among groups, 3 show high diversity differentiation, Tajima’s D > 0, indicating long evolutionary history balancing selection. The remaining nine have low diversity, frequent gene flow, < suggesting directional A mantel test showed no significant link between variation geographic isolation (p 0.460). differentiation I flow are maintained by factors like reproductive systems. highlighted as important resources deserving priority protection. This study offers genomic data conserving future adaptability research.

Language: Английский

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Long-read, chromosome-scale assembly of Vitis rotundifolia cv. Carlos and its unique resistance to Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: July 20, 2023

Muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) is resistant to many of the pathogens that negatively impact production common (V. vinifera), including bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa subsp. (Xfsf), which causes Pierce's Disease (PD). Previous studies in have indicated Xfsf delays host immune response with a complex O-chain antigen produced by wzy gene. cultivars range from tolerant completely Xfsf, but mechanism unknown.We assembled and annotated new, long-read genome assembly for 'Carlos', cultivar muscadine exhibits tolerance, build upon existing genetic resources available muscadine. We used these construct an initial pan-genome three one grape. This contains total 34,970 synteny-constrained entries containing genes similar structure. Comparison resistance gene content between 'Carlos' genomes indicates expansion (R) 'Carlos.' further identified involved transcriptome sequencing plants inoculated Xfsf. observed 234 differentially expressed functions related lipid catabolism, oxidation-reduction signaling, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling as well seven R genes. Leveraging public data previous experiments we determined most were not found grape, do ortholog genome.Our results support utility approach identify candidate traits interest, particularly disease within

Language: Английский

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High quality genomes produced from single MinION flow cells clarify polyploid and demographic histories of critically endangered Fraxinus (ash) species

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Abstract With populations of threatened and endangered species declining worldwide, efforts are being made to generate high quality genomic records these before they lost forever. Here, we demonstrate that data from single Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION flow cells can, even in the absence highly accurate short DNA-read polishing, produce de novo plant genome assemblies adequate for downstream analyses, such as synteny ploidy evaluations, paleodemographic phylogenomics. This study focuses on three North American ash tree genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae) were recently added International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Red List critically endangered. Our results support a hexaploidy event at base Oleaceae well subsequent whole duplication shared by Syringa , Osmanthus Olea, . Finally, use ONT long-read sequencing reveal patterns demographic history.

Language: Английский

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