Hutchinson’s ecological niche for individuals

Biology & Philosophy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: June 23, 2022

Abstract We here develop a concept of an individualized niche in analogy to Hutchison’s population-level the ecological niche. consider (ecological) as range environmental conditions under which particular individual has expected lifetime reproductive success ≥ 1. Our primarily function, it refers match phenotype its contemporary environment (niche fit) while we discuss evolutionary fitness evaluative parameter this fit. address four specific challenges that occur when scaling down from populations individuals. In particular, (1) consequences uniqueness individuals population and corresponding lack statistical replication, (2) dynamic nature niches how they can be studied either time-slice niches, prospective or trajectory-based (3) dimensionality niche, is greater than due additional dimensions intra-specific space, (4) boundaries space defined by inferred marginalizing functions across phenotypes environments. frame our discussion context recent interest causes differences animal behavior.

Language: Английский

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Transmission risk of Oropouche fever across the Americas

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 6, 2023

Abstract Background Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are important contributors to the global burden of infectious due their epidemic potential, which can result in significant population and economic impacts. Oropouche fever, caused by virus (OROV), is an understudied zoonotic VBD febrile illness reported Central South America. The potential areas likely OROV spread remain unexplored, limiting capacities improve epidemiological surveillance. Methods To better understand capacity for OROV, we developed spatial epidemiology models using human outbreaks as transmission-locality data, coupled with high-resolution satellite-derived vegetation phenology. Data were integrated hypervolume modeling infer transmission emergence across Americas. Results Models based on one-support vector machine hypervolumes consistently predicted risk tropics Latin America despite inclusion different parameters such study environmental predictors. estimate that up 5 million people at exposure OROV. Nevertheless, limited data available generates uncertainty projections. For example, some have occurred under climatic conditions outside those where most events occur. distribution also revealed landscape variation, expressed loss, linked outbreaks. Conclusions Hotspots detected along Vegetation loss might be a driver fever emergence. Modeling considered exploratory tool analyzing data-limited emerging little understanding exists sylvatic cycles. maps used surveillance, investigate ecology epidemiology, inform early detection.

Language: Английский

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After the mammoths: the ecological legacy of late Pleistocene megafauna extinctions

Cambridge Prisms Extinction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The significant extinctions in Earth history have largely been unpredictable terms of what species perish and traits make susceptible. occurring during the late Pleistocene are unusual this regard, because they were strongly size-selective targeted exclusively large-bodied animals (i.e., megafauna, >1 ton) disproportionately, herbivores. Because these also at particular risk today, aftermath can provide insights into how loss or decline contemporary may influence ecosystems. Here, we review ecological consequences on major aspects environment, communities ecosystems, as well diet, distribution behavior surviving mammals. We find megafauna pervasive left legacies detectable all parts system. Furthermore, that roles extinct modern play system not replicated by smaller-bodied animals. Our highlights important perspectives paleoecology for conservation efforts.

Language: Английский

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Pyrogeography in flux: Reorganization of Australian fire regimes in a hotter world

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Changes to the spatiotemporal patterns of wildfire are having profound implications for ecosystems and society globally, but we have limited understanding extent which fire regimes will reorganize in a warming world. While predicting regime shifts remains challenging because complex climate-vegetation-fire feedbacks, climate niches provides simple way identify locations most at risk change. Using globally available satellite datasets, constructed 14 metrics describing dimensions then delineated Australia's pyroregions-the geographic area encapsulating broad regime. Cluster analysis revealed 18 pyroregions, notably including (1) high-intensity, infrequent fires temperate forests, (2) high-frequency, smaller tropical savanna, (3) low-intensity, diurnal, human-engineered agricultural zones. To inform shifts, identified where under three CMIP6 scenarios is projected shift (i) beyond each pyroregion's historical niche, (ii) into space that novel Australian continent. Under middle-of-the-road projections (SSP2-4.5), an average 65% pyroregions occurred their by 2081-2100. Further, 52% pyroregion extents, on average, were occur without present-day analogues continent, implying high shifting states also lack counterparts. Pyroregions hot-arid climates both locally continentally narrower than southern already-hot lead earlier departure from space. Such implies widespread emergence no-analogue regimes. Our approach can be applied other regions assess vulnerability rapid

Language: Английский

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The global loss of avian functional and phylogenetic diversity from anthropogenic extinctions

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6717), P. 55 - 60

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Humans have been driving a global erosion of species richness for millennia, but the consequences past extinctions other dimensions biodiversity-functional and phylogenetic diversity-are poorly understood. In this work, we show that, since Late Pleistocene, extinction 610 bird has caused disproportionate loss avian functional space along with ~3 billion years unique evolutionary history. For island endemics, proportional losses even greater. Projected future more than 1000 over next two centuries will incur further substantial reductions in diversity. These results highlight severe ongoing biodiversity crisis urgent need to identify ecological functions being lost through extinction.

Language: Английский

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