Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird DOI Open Access
Daniel J. Becker, Devraj Singh, Qiuyun Pan

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1935), P. 20201831 - 20201831

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Urban habitats can shape interactions between hosts and parasites by altering not only exposure rates but also within-host processes. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in urban environments, chronic impair host immunity ways that may increase infection. However, studies of causal links this stressor, immunity, infection dynamics are rare, particularly migratory animals. Here, we experimentally tested how ALAN affects cellular haemosporidian parasite intensity across the annual cycle migrant resident subspecies dark-eyed junco ( Junco hyemalis ). We monitored an experimental group exposed to a control under natural light/dark cycles as they passed through short days simulating early spring longer breeding season, followed autumn migration. Using generalized additive mixed models, show increased inflammation, leucocyte counts were greatest autumn. At start experiment, few birds had active infections based on microscopy, PCR revealed many infections. parasitaemia cycle, with strong peaks largely absent birds. As kept indoor aviaries prevent vector exposure, indicates relapse during costly life-history stages (i.e. reproduction). Although immunological parasitological time series phase for birds, cross-correlation analyses desynchronized profiles parasitaemia, which could suggest general exaggerated inflammatory response. Our study shows anthropogenic influence processes affect dynamics.

Language: Английский

Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on physiology, immune function and survival is dependent on temperature: implications for amphibian declines DOI Creative Commons
Niclas U. Lundsgaard, Rebecca L. Cramp, Craig E. Franklin

et al.

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract Multiple environmental changes are thought to be contributing the widespread decline of amphibians in montane regions, but interactions between drivers not well understood. It has been proposed previously that elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (UBVR) and low temperatures may interact their negative effects on health, immune function disease susceptibility exposed amphibians. In present study, we chronically larvae striped-marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) a factorial combination high UVBR temperature assess interactive growth, survival indices function. The treatment reduced growth compared at both temperatures, were significantly enhanced temperature. High exposure also induced chronic inflammatory response as evidenced by an increase leucocyte proportion total cells altered ratio neutrophils lymphocytes blood, highlighting potential mechanistic basis for increased living altitudes. Our findings stress importance investigating factors when assessing highlight how key regions affect amphibian health. Continuation this work is necessary development targeted conservation strategies tackle root causes declines.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Stress and immunity: Field comparisons among populations of invasive cane toads in Florida DOI Open Access
Vania Regina Assis, Steven T. Gardner,

Kyra M. Smith

et al.

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 333(10), P. 779 - 791

Published: June 2, 2020

Cane toads (Rhinella marina) were introduced worldwide and have become invasive in multiple locations, representing a major driver of biodiversity loss through competition (food, shelter, territory), predation, the poisoning native species. These been used Australia as model for studies concerning invasion biology ecoimmunology, longer-established (core) front (edge) populations show altered stress immune response profiles. Although cane also into United States 1950s, these patterns yet to be evaluated spanning Florida. Toads Florida dispersed primarily northward along latitudinal gradient, where they encounter cooler temperatures that may further impact differences between core edge populations. In this study, we sampled from nine different locations their southern showed higher plasma bacterial killing ability natural antibody titers than northern populations, indicating better surveillance system. Also, more responsive novel stressor (1 hr restraint), showing increase corticosterone levels. results indicate possible trade-offs occurred responses established areas

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare? DOI Creative Commons
Marta Gariglio, Sihem Dabbou, Manuela Renna

et al.

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression aggressive behaviors. aim present study was evaluate effects black soldier fly (BSF) and yellow mealworm (YM) live larva on duck performance, excreta corticosterone metabolites (ECM), behavior, blood parameters.A total 126 3-day-old female ducklings were allotted 18 pens (6 replicates/treatment, 7 birds/pen) assigned 3 experimental treatments: a control group fed commercial feed, two treatments feed plus 5% (based expected daily intake, as basis) BSF YM larvae (BSF groups, respectively). A two-phase feeding program applied: starter (from 31 days age) grower-finisher 32 55 age). weight, average gain, conversion ratio calculated. Larva consumption times collected, video recordings performed during periods (P) each day: hour before (P1), (P2), after (P3) administration. ECM evaluated at 3, 31, 55-day-old. Finally, red white cell counts, serum proteins, lipids, liver renal function enzymes 12 birds/treatment.The treatment did not affect growth performance birds (P > 0.05). always similar between insect species, except 14-18 age, consumed faster than < 0.001). showed less walking activity P2, preening behavior increased in P3. C attack over weeks During 1-3 reduced frequency (P1 P3; P significantly age heterophil lymphocyte 0.05).Live supplementation improves welfare, without impairing birds' performance.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Effects of 2 Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Blood Cell Profiles and Corticosterone Concentrations of Wood Frogs ( Lithobates sylvaticus ) DOI
Melody J. Gavel,

Sarah D. Richardson,

Rebecca L. Dalton

et al.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 1273 - 1284

Published: March 22, 2019

Neonicotinoids are widely used insecticides that detectable in agricultural waterways. These of concern due to their potential impacts on nontarget organisms. Pesticides can affect development amphibians and suppress the immune system, which could impact disease susceptibility tolerance. No previous studies have examined effects these differential blood cell proportions or concentrations corticosterone (a general stress hormone). We investigated chronic exposure 2 neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam clothianidin, immunometrics wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Frogs were exposed single, treatments 2.5 250 µg/L clothianidin for 7 wk from Gosner stages 25 46. The juvenile then maintained 3 post metamorphosis without neonicotinoids. measured water-borne twice: at 6 d 8 after larval frogs, respectively. assessed profiles frogs. Corticosterone was significantly lower tadpoles compared with other tadpole treatments, but no significant differences found using Anemia detected all controls exception clothianidin. Neutrophil-to-leukocyte neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios elevated thiamethoxam. Collectively, results indicate neonicotinoids has varied developing indicative stress. Future should investigate whether increases infection by parasites both adult Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1273-1284. © 2019 Crown right Canada. Published Wiley Periodicals Inc. behalf SETAC.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird DOI Open Access
Daniel J. Becker, Devraj Singh, Qiuyun Pan

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1935), P. 20201831 - 20201831

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Urban habitats can shape interactions between hosts and parasites by altering not only exposure rates but also within-host processes. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in urban environments, chronic impair host immunity ways that may increase infection. However, studies of causal links this stressor, immunity, infection dynamics are rare, particularly migratory animals. Here, we experimentally tested how ALAN affects cellular haemosporidian parasite intensity across the annual cycle migrant resident subspecies dark-eyed junco ( Junco hyemalis ). We monitored an experimental group exposed to a control under natural light/dark cycles as they passed through short days simulating early spring longer breeding season, followed autumn migration. Using generalized additive mixed models, show increased inflammation, leucocyte counts were greatest autumn. At start experiment, few birds had active infections based on microscopy, PCR revealed many infections. parasitaemia cycle, with strong peaks largely absent birds. As kept indoor aviaries prevent vector exposure, indicates relapse during costly life-history stages (i.e. reproduction). Although immunological parasitological time series phase for birds, cross-correlation analyses desynchronized profiles parasitaemia, which could suggest general exaggerated inflammatory response. Our study shows anthropogenic influence processes affect dynamics.

Language: Английский

Citations

22