ctmm: Continuous-Time Movement Modeling

Published: July 31, 2015

Language: Английский

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Home ranges and movement patterns of wild boars (Sus scrofa) at the northern edge of the species’ distribution range

Mammal Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(4), P. 611 - 623

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract In Finland, the wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) lives on northernmost edge of species’ distribution range, and population mainly originates from individuals immigrating Russia. Most current in southeastern part country, is steadily expanding further. To develop effective risk management novel northern regions, detailed information about local ecology required. estimate movement patterns, 17 adult boars were monitored using GPS collars May 2020 to September 2022 core region distribution. The average total home ranges (87.1 ± km2 MCP, 33 5.5 SE 95% KDE) larger compared with studies southern latitudes. length nocturnal activity times varied seasonally. All studied at border zone ( N = 15) showed continuous transboundary movements, range areas located Russian side. Wild locations predominantly Russia zone, especially resting sites during daytime. Finland night-time feeding excursions. Our study shows that, although are large, relatively sedentary also However, capacity species enables spread diseases such as African swine fever. results provide for emphasize importance collaboration monitoring common populations.

Language: Английский

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Impact of seasonal flooding on Jaguar (Panthera onca) home range and movements

Journal of Mammalogy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Movement is an integral part of animal foraging and survival. Thus, conditions that hamper movement should cause significant shifts in their ecology, especially traits directly related to such as home range, displacement, site fidelity. Using jaguars (Panthera onca) our model species, we measured the effect reduced mobility a unique natural experiment. The Amazonian varzeas Mamirauá Reserve have prevalent intense flooding region adopt semiaquatic arboreal lifestyle during wet season. We hypothesized Jaguar space use would change substantially between seasons with decreasing ranges, core areas, displacements high-water periods. Given previously documented sex-based differences also evaluated parameters study system. seasonal ranges areas using autocorrelated kernel density estimation, 95% contour for 50% areas. Displacement was calculated velocity meters per second each given step comprised locations every 6 h. Our results indicated range area remained constant seasons, but displacement decreased periods expected. discuss possibility switch ambushing form predation, which made possible by large number prey region. This tactic allow retain despite low larger costs.

Language: Английский

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Shelter Distribution and Type Affect Space Use of a Desert Reptile

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Animal home ranges derive from the distribution of resources across landscape. For example, most tortoise species in United States revolve around networks burrows. However, human disturbances that damage shelters can decrease habitat suitability, individual survival, and population persistence. We investigated effects burrow availability on space use Sonoran Desert Tortoise Gopherus morafkai at two populations with different structures to determine extent which capacity is defined by factors subject management, such as vegetation, relative more permanent features rock shelters. also demonstrated superiority autocorrelated kernel density estimation, illustrating flawed conclusions could arise traditional home‐range estimators. Home‐range size increased number available burrows both sites. At Florence Military Reservation (FMR), numerous caliche caves few burrows, larger effectively compensated for one third Sugarloaf Mountain, predominantly featured Female tortoises had smaller than males despite having similar densities. Females revisited often Sugarloaf, may relate female preferred nesting sites; however, lower led revisit rates females FMR. Pairs FMR shared 72% pairs 33% fewer female–male Space are consistent predictions how animals choose patches their ways optimal respect spatially distributed resources. Populations largely reliant pallets or soil be declines due anthropogenic impacts grazing off‐highway vehicle increasing temperatures.

Language: Английский

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Individual foraging site fidelity persists within and across stopover seasons in a migratory shorebird, Numenius phaeopus (Whimbrel)

Ornithology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 141(4)

Published: May 18, 2024

Abstract Site fidelity—returning repeatedly to the same site—can help many migratory species reduce uncertainty in their environment, especially when stopover periods leave little time explore and evaluate new habitat. Avian taxa, though, have shown wide variation levels of site fidelity during migration, few studies been able examine individual-level at fine spatiotemporal scales. We used a high-resolution GPS tracking dataset Numenius phaeopus (Whimbrel), long-distance shorebird, assess specific foraging roosting sites both within between seasons. found that individuals are almost exclusively faithful one shared roost night, but disperse individual territories day overlap with each other by <20%. Individuals remain these distinct over time, on average shifting center daily home ranges <1.5 km single season, overlapping previous season’s range 70% they return subsequent stopovers. Our findings reveal for first shorebird exhibits fine-scale, stopovers—an important insight inform effective conservation management action.

Language: Английский

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Born to be wild: Captive-born and wild Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) reveal space-use similarities when reintroduced for species conservation concerns

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 110646 - 110646

Published: May 22, 2024

An ambitious conservation programme to save the Iberian lynx from extinction conducted several reintroductions aiming restore its historical range. The urgency due delicate status prompted translocating captive-born and wild individuals, while preventing an early assessment of how both groups combined their space-use differed in post-release movements. To address this issue, we a comprehensive movement ecology analysis using GPS data 161 lynxes 9 populations. First, classified five phases within individuals' trajectories: residence areas (stable transient), excursions, dispersals, transitions between residences. Second, used continuous-time models estimate range size daily speeds measured distance travelled during extra-territorial Finally, comparative analyses evaluate differences captive-born, translocated, non-translocated individuals across phases, sex, age-class Most all established home ranges, supporting reintroduction main goal. Yet, contrary species' natural pattern, subadults did not show intersexual differences, which emerged after experiencing free-ranging, when becoming adults. More for non-residential behaviours. Captive-born were more prone dispersal, slower movements having smaller transient residences, indicating cautious behaviour. Our study supports reintroductions, prioritizing reinforcements highly competitive Further, suggest relevant metrics planning translocations connectivity management, demonstrate integrated ex-situ initiative can substantially contribute restoring endangered distribution

Language: Английский

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Sick without signs. Subclinical infections reduce local movements, alter habitat selection, and cause demographic shifts

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

In wildlife populations, parasites often go unnoticed, as infected animals appear asymptomatic. However, these infections can subtly alter behaviour. Field evidence of how subclinical induce changes in movement behaviour is scarce free-ranging animals, yet it may be crucial for zoonotic disease surveillance. We used an ultra-high-resolution tracking system (ATLAS) to monitor the movements 60 swallows every 8 seconds across four breeding seasons, resulting over 1 million localizations. About 40% were naturally with haemosporidian parasites. Here, we show that individuals had reduced foraging ranges, foraged lower quality habitats, and faced a lowered survival probability, average reduction 7.4%, albeit some variation between species years. This study highlights impact on survival, emphasizing importance considering infection status ecology. Our findings provide insights into individual variations previously unobservable local parasite transmission dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Precipitation, vegetation productivity, and human impacts control home range size of elephants in dryland systems in northern Namibia

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Climatic variability, resource availability, and anthropogenic impacts heavily influence an animal's home range. This makes range size effective metric for understanding how variation in environmental factors alter the behavior spatial distribution of animals. In this study, we estimated African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) across four sites Namibia, along a gradient precipitation human impact, investigated these gradients on regional site scales. Additionally, time individuals spent within protected area boundaries. The mean 50% autocorrelated kernel density estimate was 2200 km 2 [95% CI:1500–3100 ]. Regionally, vegetation were strongest predictors size, accounting combined 53% observed variation. However, different covariates explained at each site. Precipitation predicted most (up to 74%) sizes n = 66) drier western sites, while 71% 10) Namibia's portion Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. Elephants all study areas maintained high fidelity areas, spending average 85% tracked lands. These results suggest that elephant space use Namibia is driven by natural dynamics, some are experiencing changes due modification.

Language: Английский

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Smarter foragers do not forage smarter: a test of the diet hypothesis for brain expansion

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2023)

Published: May 1, 2024

A leading hypothesis for the evolution of large brains in humans and other species is that a feedback loop exists whereby intelligent animals forage more efficiently, which results increased energy intake fuels growth maintenance brains. We test this first time with high-resolution tracking data from four sympatric, frugivorous rainforest mammal (42 individuals) drone-based maps their predominant feeding trees. found no evidence larger-brained primates had efficient foraging paths than smaller brained procyonids. This refutes key assumption fruit-diet brain evolution, suggesting factors such as temporal cognition, extractive or sociality have been important evolution.

Language: Английский

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The statistical building blocks of animal movement simulations

Movement Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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