Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 340 - 351
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
Evidence
for
the
idea
that
some
individuals
may
experience
an
addictive-like
response
to
certain
foods
has
grown
in
past
decade.
Food
addiction
parallels
substance
use
disorders
suggest
highly
processed
(e.g.,
chocolate,
French
fries)
exhibit
addictive
potential
and
trigger
responses
vulnerable
individuals.
An
opposing
conceptualization
of
eating
was
recently
developed,
suggesting
behavioral
act
be
rather
than
foods.
However,
arguments
a
do
not
consider
central
role
behaviors
within
are
supported
by
preliminary
research
demonstrating
directly
contribute
phenotype.
The
primary
goal
this
chapter
is
argue
substance-based,
food
framework
most
appropriate
reflection
current
state
literature
more
closely
scientific
understanding
disorders.
Specifically,
will
review
theoretical
debates
between
versus
perspectives,
raise
concerns
about
discrepancies
existing
addictions,
assessment
tools
addiction.
Finally,
implications
stigma,
intervention,
future
discussed.
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 13, 2020
Written
by
leaders
in
the
addictions
field,
100
authors
from
six
countries,
this
handbook
is
a
thoroughly
comprehensive
resource.
Philosophical
and
legal
issues
are
addressed,
while
conceptual
underpinnings
provided
through
explanations
of
appetitive
motivation,
incentive
sensitization,
reward
deficiency,
behavioral
economics
theories.
Major
clinical
research
methods
clearly
mapped
out
(e.g.
MRI,
economics,
interview
assessments,
qualitative
approaches),
outlining
their
strengths
weaknesses,
giving
reader
tools
needed
to
guide
practice
aims.
The
etiology
addiction
at
various
levels
analysis
discussed,
including
neurobiology,
cognition,
groups,
culture,
environment,
which
simultaneously
lays
foundations
high-level
discourse
serve
both
novice
expert
researchers
clinicians.
Importantly,
volume
explores
prevention
treatment
such
as
alcohol,
tobacco,
novel
drugs,
food,
gambling,
sex,
work,
shopping,
internet,
several
seldom-investigated
behaviors
love,
tanning,
or
exercise).
Addictive Behaviors Reports,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
1, P. 49 - 56
Published: April 11, 2015
While
addictions
to
substances
such
as
alcohol,
tobacco,
and
other
drugs
have
been
extensively
investigated,
interest
has
growing
in
potential
non-substance-related
addictive
behaviors
(e.g.,
excessive
gambling,
buying
or
playing
video
games).
In
the
current
study,
we
sought
determine
prevalence
characteristics
of
a
wide
range
general
population
sample
identify
reliable
subgroups
individuals
displaying
behaviors.
Seven
hundred
seventy
participants
completed
an
online
survey.
The
survey
screened
for
presence
main
recognized
substance
behavioral
(alcohol,
cannabis,
drugs,
compulsive
shopping,
intensive
exercise,
Internet
mobile
phone
overuse,
work
involvement,
overeating)
three-month
period.
Key
aspects
addiction
were
measured
each
reported
behavior,
including
negative
outcomes,
emotional
triggers
(positive
contexts),
search
stimulation
pleasure,
loss
control,
cognitive
salience.
Latent
class
analysis
allowed
us
three
theoretically
clinically
relevant
individuals.
first
groups
problematic
users,
i.e.,
addiction-prone
second
at-risk
users
who
frequently
engage
potentially
regulate
states
(especially
overinvolvement
common
eating,
working,
buying).
third
are
not
prone
existence
different
sheds
new
light
on
distinction
between
non-problematic
addiction-like
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Aug. 2, 2016
Behavioral
adaptation
is
required
for
the
successful
navigation
of
a
constantly
changing
environment.
Impairments
in
behavioral
flexibility
are
commonly
observed
psychiatric
disorders
including
those
addiction.
This
study
investigates
two
distinct
facets
compulsivity,
namely
reversal
learning
and
attentional
set
shifting,
implicating
orbitofrontal
lateral
prefrontal
regions
respectively,
across
primary
secondary
rewards.
Obese
subjects
with
without
binge
eating
disorder
(BED),
individuals
compulsive
sexual
behaviors
(CSB),
alcohol
use
(AUD)
pathological
video-gaming
(VG)
were
tested
computerized
tasks:
Probabilistic
Reversal
Task
(trials
to
criterion
win-stay/lose-shift
errors)
Intra/Extra-dimensional
Set
Shift
(IED).
Individuals
AUD
slower
at
irrespective
valence,
more
likely
perseverate
after
losses.
Compared
obese
BED,
BED
worse
wins
but
better
losses
highlighting
valence
effects
as
function
eating.
CSB
demonstrated
enhanced
sensitivity
reward
outcomes
faster
acquisition
greater
perseveration
higher
magnitude
We
further
show
an
impairment
shifting
relative
healthy
volunteers.
provides
evidence
commonalities
differences
dimensions
inflexibility
compulsivity.
summarize
studies
on
compulsivity
subtypes
within
this
same
patient
population.
emphasize
impairments
range
indices,
perhaps
supporting
form
crucial
role
effects.
These
findings
highlight
relevant
domain
defining
dimensional
psychiatry
identification
cognitive
endophenotypes
targets
therapeutic
modulation.
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 241 - 253
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
The
landscape
of
gambling
has
dramatically
changed.
In
addition
to
more
and
jurisdictions
having
casinos,
electronic
machines,
lotteries
sports
wagering
in
close
proximity
individuals,
online
increased.
Gambling
moved
from
being
a
negatively
perceived
activity
associated
with
sin
vice
its
current
state
viewed
as
socially
acceptable
recreational
pastime.
Upwards
80
percent
individuals
report
gambled
for
money
during
their
lifetime,
governments
throughout
the
world
have
come
recognize
that
regulated
forms
can
be
significant
source
revenue.
While
vast
majority
no
gambling-related
issues,
an
identifiable
proportion
both
adults
adolescents
experience
problems.
spite
growing
body
research
which
identified
many
risk
protective
factors
excessive
problematic
gambling,
limited
number
prevention
treatment
programs
exist.
This
chapter
examines
knowledge
concerning
efficacy
existing
harm
minimization
disorders.
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 73 - 86
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
Behavioral
economics
is
a
subfield
of
behavioral
psychology
that
integrates
microeconomic
principles
with
the
experimental
analysis
behavior.
Decades
economic
work
have
identified
two
concepts
robustly
related
to
issues
risky
health
decisions
and
addictions:
discounting
operant
demand.
Discounting
phenomenon
wherein
uncertain
or
delayed
outcomes
lose
value,
often
resulting
in
myopic
(e.g.,
choosing
short-term
benefits
heroin
use
over
long-term
healthy
behaviors).
Operant
demand
describes
organisms'
persistent
efforts
maintain
access
reward.
Collectively,
comprise
reinforcement
pathology
model
unhealthy
behavior,
counterproductive
excessive
coalesce
render
reward
preferences.
This
may
help
explain
addictions,
dependence,
other
issues.
chapter
history
demand,
common
tasks
derive
indices
hypothetical
purchasing
task,
range
applications
novel
nonaddictive
behaviors
literature,
date.
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 409 - 417
Published: Aug. 31, 2020
Mindfulness-based
interventions
(MBIs),
founded
on
the
meditation
practices
outlined
in
Mindfulness-Based
Stress
Reduction
(MBSR)
program
and
historically
rooted
contemplative
traditions,
offer
one
mental
framework
to
address
unique
needs
of
individuals
suffering
from
causes
consequences
substance
behavioral
addictions.
MBIs
are
considered
a
third
wave
empirically
tested
psychotherapies
following
therapy
cognitive-behavioral
therapy,
respectively.
MBI-proposed
targets
change
include
self-regulation,
self-exploration,
self-liberation;
together,
an
important
set
capacities
or
skills
break
cycle
addiction.
In
this
chapter,
we
describe
development
adapted
for
variety
We
focus
use
disorders
(SUD)
binge-eating
disorder
(BED)
due
similarities
addictive
neurobiological
processes
(both
may
be
addictions,
BED
as
proxy
food
addiction),
though
other
addictions
also
discussed.
then
critically
review
leading
experimental
trials
that
test
efficacy
mechanisms
addiction
behavior
among
people
diagnosed
with
SUD
BED.
Based
results
available
date,
treatment
effects
par
clinically
accepted
treatments.
However,
several
methodological
limitations
make
interpretation
internal
validity
reliability
these
difficult
assess.
discuss
strengths
state
evidence
date
provide
suggestions
future
research
emphasis
fidelity
its
role
improving
study
findings.
expect
our
synthesis
inform
public
value
applying
remediate
behavior.
