Sex and age effects on gray matter volume trajectories in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: April 10, 2024

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) occurs in ~11% of North American pregnancies and is the most common known cause neurodevelopmental disabilities such as fetal spectrum disorder (FASD; ~2-5% prevalence). PAE has been consistently associated with smaller gray matter volumes children, adolescents, adults. A small number longitudinal studies show altered development trajectories late childhood/early adolescence, but patterns early childhood potential sex differences have not characterized young children. Using T1-weighted MRI, present study volume children (N = 42, 84 scans, ages 3-8 years) compared to unexposed 127, 450 2-8.5 years). Overall, we observed global regional group, wherein they had attenuated age-related increases more decreases relative Moreover, found pronounced PAE; females having smallest least changes all groups. This pattern may indicate reduced brain plasticity and/or accelerated maturation underlie cognitive/behavioral difficulties often experienced by PAE. In conjunction previous research on older adults PAE, our results suggest that vary age become apparent

Language: Английский

Understanding the intersection of prenatal alcohol exposure and postnatal adversity: A systematic review from a developmental psychopathology lens

Alcohol Clinical and Experimental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Abstract Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities. Individuals with FASD experience postnatal adversity (PA; i.e., child maltreatment or other potentially traumatic events) at exceedingly high rates. This is connected to increased internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. The current systematic review aimed synthesize literature regarding intersectionality of FASD/prenatal exposure (PAE) utilizing developmental psychopathology (DP) framework. Adhering Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) standards, identification studies through PsycInfo, PubMed, Web Science was conducted. Primary data on PAE, adversity, individual functioning (biological, cognitive, affective), external systems, familial cultural contexts were extracted. Furthermore, quality assessment information extracted all studies. Thirty‐one met inclusion criteria. Overall, individuals a weighted mean 4.44 adverse childhood experiences. Multifinality in outcomes evident, as impact mental health, cognitive ability, biological processes. Cultural context settings contribute risk resilience factors. points unique strengths areas improvement within literature. Aligning DP framework, intersection complex impacts various Systems add this complexity. Intervention development taking into consideration these multiple factors necessary.

Language: Английский