US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 195 - 212

Published: Aug. 30, 2017

This review provides an overview of the changing US epidemiology cannabis use and associated problems. Adults adolescents increasingly view as harmless, some can without harm. However, potential problems include harms from prenatal exposure unintentional childhood exposure; decline in educational or occupational functioning after early adolescent use, adulthood, impaired driving vehicle crashes; disorders (CUD), withdrawal, psychiatric comorbidity. Evidence suggests national increases potency, adults, increased CUD, cannabis-related emergency room visits, fatal crashes. Twenty-nine states have medical marijuana laws (MMLs) these, 8 recreational (RMLs). Many studies indicate that MMLs their specific provisions did not increase use. more limited literature led to exposures, adult CUD. Ecological-level suggest substitution for opioids, also possibly medications. Much remains be determined about trends role RMLs these trends. The public, health professionals, policy makers would benefit education risks such risks, increases.

Language: Английский

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Association Between Recreational Marijuana Legalization in the United States and Changes in Marijuana Use and Cannabis Use Disorder From 2008 to 2016

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 77(2), P. 165 - 165

Published: Nov. 13, 2019

Little is known about changes in marijuana use and cannabis disorder (CUD) after recreational legalization (RML).To examine the associations between RML enactment use, frequent CUD United States from 2008 to 2016.This survey study used repeated cross-sectional data National Survey on Drug Use Health (2008-2016) conducted among participants age groups of 12 17, 18 25, 26 years or older.Multilevel logistic regression models were fit obtain estimates before-vs-after respondents states enacting compared other states.Self-reported past-month users, past-year CUD, users.The included 505 796 consisting 51.51% females 77.24% older. Among total, 65.43% white, 11.90% black, 15.36% Hispanic, 7.31% race/ethnicity. aged 17 years, increased 2.18% 2.72% enactment, a 25% higher increase than that for same group did not enact (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55). users this group, 22.80% 27.20% (OR, 1.27; 1.01-1.59). Unmeasured confounders would need be more prevalent risk by 1.08 1.11 times explain observed results, indicating results are sensitive omitted variables. No found 25 years. older, 5.65% 7.10% 1.28; 1.16-1.40), 2.13% 2.62% 1.24; 1.08-1.41), 0.90% 1.23% 1.36; 1.08-1.71); these robust unmeasured confounding. enactment.This study's findings suggest although advanced social justice goals, small post-RML adults older potential public health concern. To undertake prevention efforts, further studies warranted assess how increases occur identify subpopulations may especially vulnerable.

Language: Английский

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Public health implications of legalising the production and sale of cannabis for medicinal and recreational use

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 394(10208), P. 1580 - 1590

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 644 - 663

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Background: The past decade has seen unprecedented shifts in the cannabis policy environment, and public health impacts of these changes will hinge on how they affect patterns use harms associated with other substances.Objectives: To review existing research state substance use, emphasizing studies using methods for causal inference highlighting gaps our understanding evolving markets.Methods: Narrative quasi-experimental medical laws (MCLs) recreational (RCLs) disorders, as well or from alcohol, opioids, tobacco.Results: Research suggests MCLs increase adult but not adolescent provisions less regulated supply may disorders. These reduce some opioid-related harms, while their alcohol tobacco remain uncertain. RCLs is just emerging, findings suggest little impact prevalence potential increases college student unknown effects use.Conclusions: influence advanced importance heterogeneity policies, populations, market dynamics, relate to often ignore factors. Understanding requires greater attention differences short- versus long-term laws, nuances policies consumption, careful consideration appropriate control groups.

Language: Английский

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Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: a narrative review and new findings

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 623 - 643

Published: March 14, 2019

Background: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in disorder is an important public health priority.Objectives: To identify overall, by sociodemographic subgroup.Methods: Narrative review of published findings on disorders data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys. In addition, National Epidemiologic Survey Alcohol Related Conditions (NESARC; 2002–2002) NESARC-III (2012–2013) data, logistic regression was used examine whether differed between subgroups adults.Results: The showed that adults, increased over the past decade overall within (gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, pregnancy disability status), greater increases men disabled adults. Most sources also indicated disorders. New analysis significantly adult (p ≤ .0001); young adults < .05); Blacks (vs. Whites, p .01); low income groups .001); never-married .0001), urban residents .05). adolescents, generally decreased, although recent were observed older non-White adolescents.Conclusion: Cannabis are increasing specific at higher risk, may be some adolescent subgroups. Studies should determine mechanisms for differential provide information policymakers enable informed decisions legalization service planning.

Language: Английский

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Patient-reported use of medical cannabis for pain, anxiety, and depression symptoms: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Social Science & Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 181 - 192

Published: June 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the United States: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Addiction, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 113(6), P. 1003 - 1016

Published: Feb. 22, 2018

Abstract Aims To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies in order to estimate the effect US medical marijuana laws (MMLs) on past‐month use prevalence among adolescents. Methods A total 2999 papers from 17 literature sources were screened systematically. Eleven studies, developed four ongoing large national surveys, meta‐analyzed. Estimates MML effects any included obtained comparisons pre–post changes states non‐MML over comparable time‐periods. These estimates standardized entered into model with fixed‐effects for each study. Heterogeneity study by data survey was tested an omnibus F ‐test. additional outcomes, provisions (e.g. dispensaries) demographic subgroups abstracted summarized. Key methodological modeling characteristics also described. Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines followed. Results None 11 found significant compared contemporaneous The yielded non‐significant pooled (standardized mean difference) −0.003 (95% confidence interval = −0.012, +0.007). Four pre‐MML differences all higher rates passage. Additional tests specific provisions, outcomes generally results, although limited heterogeneity may warrant further Conclusions Synthesis current evidence does not support hypothesis that until 2014 have led increases adolescent prevalence. Limited exists MMLs other patterns use, within particular population provisions.

Language: Английский

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Trends over time in adult cannabis use: A review of recent findings

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 80 - 85

Published: March 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cannabis: a multifaceted plant with endless potentials

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 15, 2023

Cannabis sativa , also known as “hemp” or “weed,” is a versatile plant with various uses in medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics. This review attempts to evaluate the available literature on ecology, chemical composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional uses, industrial toxicology of . So far, 566 compounds have been isolated from including 125 cannabinoids 198 non-cannabinoids. The psychoactive physiologically active part cannabinoid, mostly found flowers, but present smaller amounts leaves, stems, seeds. Of all phytochemicals, terpenes form largest composition plant. Pharmacological evidence reveals that plants contain which exhibit potential antioxidants, antibacterial agents, anticancer anti-inflammatory agents. Furthermore, reported applications food cosmetic industries. Significantly, cultivation has minimal negative impact environment terms cultivation. Most studies focused make-up, pharmacological effects, not much about toxic effects. Overall, enormous for biological well other medicinal uses. However, further research necessary fully understand explore beneficial properties

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use disorders among adults in the United States during a time of increasing use of cannabis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 204, P. 107468 - 107468

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Language: Английский

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