Immunoendocrinology and Ecoimmunology in Brazilian Anurans

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 1654 - 1670

Published: April 12, 2022

Abstract This paper reviews several aspects of immunoendocrinology and ecoimmunology in Brazilian species anurans under investigation for more than a decade, including (1) patterns annual covariation circulating steroids, calling behavior innate immunity, (2) endocrine immune correlates performance, (3) behavioral physiological parasite load, (4) thermal sensitivity function, (5) immunomodulation by experimental exposure to acute chronic stressors, as well manipulations simulated infections. Integrated results have shown an immunoprotective role increased steroid plasma levels during reproductive activity males. Moreover, higher helminth load is associated with changes traits field conditions. We also found anuran immunity generally characterized eurythermy, maximal performance observed temperatures close normal fever preferendum. the aerobic scope response decreased at Experimental stressors corticosterone redistribution, impact on function depending duration stress exposure. Interestingly, fate depends part individual body condition. Acute treatment enhances while prolonged immunosuppression. Still, hormonal are complex depend dose, treatment, variable considered. Finally, infection modulation expression cytokines, activation Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Interrenal axis, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal reduced melatonin levels, suggesting that functional Immune-Pineal homologous previously described mammals. These integrated complementary approaches contributed better understanding mechanisms processes, ecological evolutionary implications immunoendocrinology.

Language: Английский

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Molecular detection of vector-borne agents in ectoparasites and reptiles from Brazil

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 101585 - 101585

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Possible changes in trade-off strategy in female lizards (Eremias argus) during hibernation following exposure to chlorantraniliprole: Impact on the HPG axis and the energy mobilization

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 105059 - 105059

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Smaller size of harlequin toads from populations long exposed to the fungal disease chytridiomycosis

Biotropica, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(3), P. 699 - 705

Published: March 31, 2023

Abstract Pathogens can exert great selective pressures on the life history traits of their hosts. Species experiencing high mortality throughout adulthood benefit from breeding earlier. Chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease caused by chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ), has been major driver extinction for harlequin toads Atelopus ) and continues to be frequent cause adult species persisting with endemic infections. We compared body size cruciger between remnant population long exposed (post‐epidemic) populations sampled before presumed outbreak in late 80s (pre‐epidemic). Reproductive female male pre‐epidemic were significantly bigger than those post‐epidemic at similar altitudes, suggesting that are A significant positive relationship number eggs oviducts suggests trade‐off earlier cost smaller clutch sizes. This cost–benefit is likely change along elevation gradients because relative tends lower higher elevations. By toad increase demographic competence, particularly lowland habitats, where more favorable. Spanish available online material.

Language: Английский

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Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5067(3), P. 301 - 351

Published: Nov. 11, 2021

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are number earlier names in family group have been overlooked by recent workers. These identified and their validity with respect International Code Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along type genera. In most cases, use these supplant junior synonyms day avoidable Reversal Precedence articles Code, but remain available case future divisions at tribe subtribe level. Other unavailable due homonymy, either genera or stems from similar non-homonymous name Egerniini replaced Tiliquini, limited timespan Egerniini. A new Family Scincidae proposed, providing more extensive Code-regulated levels classification, including tribes subtribes, detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.

Language: Английский

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Fire reduces parasite load in a Mediterranean lizard

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(1954), P. 20211230 - 20211230

Published: July 13, 2021

Wildfires are a natural disturbance in many ecosystems. However, their effect on biotic interactions has been poorly studied. Fire consumes the vegetation and litter layer where parasites spend part of life cycles. We hypothesize that wildfires reduce habitat availability for with consequent potential benefits hosts. tested this lizard Psammodromus algirus its ectoparasites Mediterranean ecosystem. predicted lizards recently burned areas would have lower parasite load (cleaning effect) than those unburned phenomenon implies spending entire lives postfire conditions experience level parasitism living areas. compared ectoparasite between eight paired burned/unburned sites, including recent (less 1 year postfire) older fires (2–4 years). found lizards' prevalence was drastically reduced Likewise, showed less evidence past parasitic infections. disrupted host–parasite interaction, providing opportunity to avoid negative effects ectoparasites. Our results suggest probably fulfil role controlling vector-borne diseases pathogens, highlight ecological overlooked.

Language: Английский

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Leech removal is not the primary driver of basking behavior in a freshwater turtle

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(16), P. 10936 - 10946

Published: Aug. 1, 2021

Abstract Leaving the water to bask (usually in sun) is a common behavior for many freshwater turtles, with some species also engaging “nocturnal basking.” Ectoparasite removal an obvious hypothesis explain nocturnal basking and has been proposed as key driver of diurnal basking. However, efficacy basking, day or night, remove leeches not experimentally tested. Therefore, we examined number that were removed from Krefft's river turtles ( Emydura macquarii krefftii ) after making at range times day, durations, temperatures. Turtles had high initial leech loads, mean 32.1 per turtle. Diurnal under heat lamp 3 hr ~28°C significantly reduced numbers relative controls. In trials, 90.9% lost (mean loss 7.1 turtle), whereas 30 min same conditions was effective (no leeches, all still visibly wet). Similarly, basking” ~23°C removing leeches. Only 18% (one turtle one another four leeches). outdoors direct sunlight 20 temp = 34.5°C) resulted small reduction 50% losing average 0.7 These results indicate can if temperatures are durations long. it only unusually long this system. Our data showed even 20‐min period longer than 70.1% natural events, which took place cooler does appear be purpose majority events.

Language: Английский

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Experimental ectoparasite removal has a sex‐specific effect on nestling telomere length

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Parasites are a strong selective force that can influence fitness‐related traits. The length of chromosome‐capping telomeres be used to assess the long‐term costs parasitism, as telomere loss accelerates in response environmental stressors and often precedes poorer survival prospects. Here, we explored sex‐specific effects ectoparasite removal on morphology nestling tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ). To do so, experimentally removed blow fly Protocalliphora spp.) larvae from nests using Permethrin, broad‐spectrum insecticide. Compared water‐treated controls, insecticide treatment had sex‐biased effect blood length: resulted significantly longer males but not females. While this did body mass, it was associated with reduced feather development regardless sex. This may reflect relaxed pressure fledge quickly absence parasites, or alternatively, could negative side permethrin morphology. Exploring robust dynamics early‐life pressures such parasitism will shed light sexual dimorphism adult life histories aging.

Language: Английский

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Blood parasites of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) from the Danube Delta, Romania

Parasitology International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 102920 - 102920

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of multiple stressors on northern leopard frogs in agricultural wetlands

Parasitology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 148(7), P. 827 - 834

Published: March 9, 2021

Natural and anthropogenic stressors, including parasites pesticides, may induce oxidative stress in animals. Measuring responses sentinel species that are particularly responsive to environmental perturbations not only provides insight into host physiology but is also a useful readout of ecosystem health. Newly metamorphosed northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), species, were collected from agricultural non-agricultural wetlands exposed varying concentrations the herbicide atrazine. Significant effects certain parasites' abundance their interaction with atrazine exposure on frog identified. Specifically, increased protein levels detected infected echinostome metacercariae. In addition, nematode Oswaldocruzia sp. was significantly associated thiol concentration catalase activity. parasite × interactions observed for thiol, as at low localities decreased high wetlands. significant between abundances gorgoderid trematodes observed. These findings demonstrate studies animals natural ecosystems should account confounding parasitism, amphibians landscapes.

Language: Английский

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