Human chorionic gonadotropin‐based clinical treatments for infertile men with non‐obstructive azoospermia
Andrology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Abstract
Spermatogenesis
is
primarily
controlled
by
follicle‐stimulating
hormone
and
luteinizing
hormone‐driven
testosterone.
Luteinizing
acts
on
the
Leydig
cells,
stimulating
steroid
production,
predominantly
testosterone,
activating
critical
inter‐related
spermatogenesis
regulatory
pathways.
Despite
evidence
that
exogenous
gonadotropins
containing
activity,
particularly
human
chorionic
gonadotropin,
can
effectively
restore
in
azoospermic
males
with
hypogonadotropic
hypogonadism,
use
of
these
drugs
to
treat
other
forms
non‐obstructive
azoospermia
subject
an
ongoing
debate.
In
this
review,
we
delve
into
molecular
properties
functions
gonadotropin
regulation
explore
available
preparations
for
therapeutic
use.
We
examine
regarding
effectiveness
treating
infertility
men
pre‐testicular
or
testicular
and,
additionally,
identify
main
areas
future
research.
Our
review
highlights
role
activity
emphasizes
potential
male
infertility.
The
variation
characteristics
patients
underscores
importance
assessing
hormonal
profiles
when
contemplating
treatment
patients.
A
novel
stratification
patients,
APHRODITE
criteria,
which
considers
clinical
laboratory
indicators,
may
assist
identifying
individuals
who
could
benefit
from
therapy.
While
accumulating
suggests
promising
venues
pharmacological
infertility,
including
azoospermia,
further
research
required
completely
elucidate
mechanisms
underlying
effects
sperm
production
establish
most
effective
dosages
durations.
Language: Английский
HLA-DQB1 as a potential prognostic biomarker of hormonal therapy in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia
Reproductive Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 100949 - 100949
Published: Sept. 4, 2024
Language: Английский
Medical therapy for male infertility
Current Opinion in Urology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
Purpose
of
review
To
provide
up-to-date
evidence
and
clinical
guidance
on
the
role
medical
therapy
in
context
hormonal
imbalances
affecting
human
spermatogenesis.
Recent
findings
Compelling
has
accumulated
over
years
regarding
gonadotropins,
selective
estrogen
modulators,
aromatase
inhibitors
to
either
improve
or
restore
spermatogenesis
men
with
abnormalities
(e.g.
hypogonadotropic/hypergonadotropic
hypogonadism,
hyperprolactinemia)
supraphysiologic
levels
exogenous
testosterone/anabolic
steroid
use).
Despite
increasing
number
studies
being
performed,
most
available
relies
small
nonrandomized
studies,
mainly
hypergonadotropic
hypogonadism
history
use.
As
such,
efficacy
is
highly
variable
emphasizing
necessity
randomized
trials
individualized
approaches.
Summary
This
narrative
provides
therapies
for
male
factor
infertility
based
evidence,
focusing
treatments
(either
hypogonadotropic
(and
use)
Language: Английский