COVID‐19 clinical manifestations in children: What is the impact of the different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and do we need to distinguish between different respiratory viruses? DOI Open Access
Antoni Soriano‐Arandes

Acta Paediatrica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 640 - 642

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

There are three key questions we should ask regarding the paper published by Wurm et al.1 The first question is related to SARS-CoV-2 virus itself and its variants. Is it correct compare symptoms caused wild-type variant of with Omicron their multiple nearly infinite subvariants? If answer not clear at all, then may be dealing completely different viruses when talking about that these variants able produce, particularly in children. What definitively know infection has been progressing throughout pandemic as a result emergence new These have used escape from immunological host response developed after or due vaccination. mutations associated defined concern because increased transmissibility, altered clinical disease presentation reduced efficacy public health measures vaccines. Some recent variants, such Omicron, clearly transmissibility compared earlier Others, Delta, hospitalisation severity adults. However, besides this, manifestations COVID-19 children for successive can also overlap those other respiratory viruses, influenza, syncytial (RSV), human coronaviruses rhinovirus (causing typical cold). Common interchangeable all include fever, cough, gastrointestinal manifestations. To understand some issues, al aimed determine changing during course pandemic.1 They recruited more than one-third (36.8%) total cases (n = 3600) paediatric admitted hospitals whole study period Switzerland. This remarkable outstanding includes consecutive years study, although representative sample infected was much lower (26%) delta (45%) alpha (51%) but similar wild (19%). population limited hospitalised children, and, therefore, they were capture entire spectrum most had mild symptoms, fact attended Primary care level hospital. Secondly, differentiate testing positive any diagnosis highlighted authors.2, 3 crucial results study1 percentage intensive unit (7%) which really high what we, paediatricians, observed European countries, even immunocompromised seem an risk severe COVID-19.4 Other strengths national recruitment prospective design, including four periods pandemic, broad age groups adolescents till 18-year-old, 42% them infants. did find differences admissions units patterns over time, same Argentina comparing 6300 between Wuhan Alpha, Gamma, Delta Lambda periods.5 On contrary, Poland, 2700 cases, infections Alpha linked higher fatality rates original strain.6 studies shown needed previous periods.7, 8 main finding fever 67% patients this maintained multicentre network paediatricians working Care hospital (https://www.copedicat.cat/) Catalonia (Spain) found 3400 July 2020 May 2022 (unpublished results). Respiratory 64% cases; however, upper versus distinguished study. Finally, 28% included I want comment on last described persistence children's tissues biological fluids weeks months acute infection. Moreover, RNA isolated intestinal mucosa reinforcing hypothesis tissue could serve sanctuary viral replication.9 Buonsenso al.10 commented chronically stimulate local immune responses contribute major pathological event leading characterise long-covid, lead uncontrolled inflammatory events multisystem syndrome (MIS-C). once analysed information study,1 certain alone accompanied good history complete epidemiology data enough obtain ascertainment At moment, necessary second question: viruses? Although rapid antigenic tests performed centres pharmacies auto-testing home commonly identify presence SARS-CoV-2, For objective, will need use molecular tests, polymerase chain reaction, better through genomic sequencing virus. authors tried deep machine learning analysis predict specific population,11 robust area under curve odds COVID-19, mainly younger who affected infections. In fact, show age-differences COVID-19. hand, review Society Paediatric Infectious Diseases members recommends point-of-care integrated into routine diagnostics emergency departments, where decisions must undertaken.12 authors, conclude performance diagnostic procedures ultimately do influence decision-making avoided.12 Therefore, there support tools assist providing accurate diagnosis, controlled studies, especially biomarkers impact clinically relevant outcomes departments both high- low-resource settings.12 leads final question; causing children? instance, diagnose child RSV rhinovirus. long-term complications form recurrent bronchitis asthma early stages life if episode occurs 6 age. Opposite RSV, parainfluenza potential implications follow-up. addition, research demonstrated middle affecting MIS-C long-covid syndrome. incidence decreasing latest subvariants.13 Differential helpful applying effective appropriate management disease. Ongoing sentinel surveillance, sequencing, translational essential monitor prevalence outcomes. We active sustainable surveillance systems enable correlation virological al. stated conclusions study.1 Without approach preparedness pandemics control spread target preventive like vaccination campaigns. As consequence, improvise again happened started 2020. summary, distinguishing several reasons: firstly, launch measures, require interventions; secondly, treatment strategies vary based disease; finally, vaccines antiviral medications viruses.

Language: Английский

The Spectrum and Burden of COVID-19–Associated Neurologic Disease in Australian Children 2020–2023 DOI
Kara DuBray, Katherine Phan, Andrew Anglemyer

et al.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Background: We aimed to describe the clinical spectrum and burden of COVID-19–associated neurologic disease in Australian children. Methods: extracted national sentinel site surveillance data on children hospitalized Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance network, 2020–2023. Neurologic complications included encephalitis, encephalopathy, Guillain–Barre syndrome, seizures cerebrovascular accident among others. calculated proportion pediatric COVID-19 cases associated with described presentations including features severity. incidence rates within variant eras patients. Results: identified 311 SARS-CoV-2 infection 4616 reported through representing 5.3 per 100 admissions. The most common were (n = 215), febrile seizures. Nonspecific encephalopathy 62), Syndrome, acute cerebellar syndromes, demyelinating encephalomyelitis also reported. Almost 60% ≤4 years, approximately 30% had pre-existing conditions almost half other medical comorbidities. infrequently led death, although 25% 2/8) encephalitis died. rate COVID-19-associated was lowest during late Omicron era. Conclusions: are relatively frequent. While transient, seizures, remains a cause significant morbidity. Children comorbidities at higher risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
COVID-19 evolution in pediatric emergency department patients in Madrid, Spain: a single-center, retrospective study DOI
Miguel Ángel Molina Gutiérrez,

Isabel Fernández Castiella,

Priti Gros

et al.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neurological manifestations and risk factors associated with poor prognosis in hospitalized children with Omicron variant infection DOI
Li Tang, Yuxin Guo, Chang Shu

et al.

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 183(5), P. 2353 - 2363

Published: March 2, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
COVID‐19 clinical manifestations in children: What is the impact of the different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and do we need to distinguish between different respiratory viruses? DOI Open Access
Antoni Soriano‐Arandes

Acta Paediatrica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 113(4), P. 640 - 642

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

There are three key questions we should ask regarding the paper published by Wurm et al.1 The first question is related to SARS-CoV-2 virus itself and its variants. Is it correct compare symptoms caused wild-type variant of with Omicron their multiple nearly infinite subvariants? If answer not clear at all, then may be dealing completely different viruses when talking about that these variants able produce, particularly in children. What definitively know infection has been progressing throughout pandemic as a result emergence new These have used escape from immunological host response developed after or due vaccination. mutations associated defined concern because increased transmissibility, altered clinical disease presentation reduced efficacy public health measures vaccines. Some recent variants, such Omicron, clearly transmissibility compared earlier Others, Delta, hospitalisation severity adults. However, besides this, manifestations COVID-19 children for successive can also overlap those other respiratory viruses, influenza, syncytial (RSV), human coronaviruses rhinovirus (causing typical cold). Common interchangeable all include fever, cough, gastrointestinal manifestations. To understand some issues, al aimed determine changing during course pandemic.1 They recruited more than one-third (36.8%) total cases (n = 3600) paediatric admitted hospitals whole study period Switzerland. This remarkable outstanding includes consecutive years study, although representative sample infected was much lower (26%) delta (45%) alpha (51%) but similar wild (19%). population limited hospitalised children, and, therefore, they were capture entire spectrum most had mild symptoms, fact attended Primary care level hospital. Secondly, differentiate testing positive any diagnosis highlighted authors.2, 3 crucial results study1 percentage intensive unit (7%) which really high what we, paediatricians, observed European countries, even immunocompromised seem an risk severe COVID-19.4 Other strengths national recruitment prospective design, including four periods pandemic, broad age groups adolescents till 18-year-old, 42% them infants. did find differences admissions units patterns over time, same Argentina comparing 6300 between Wuhan Alpha, Gamma, Delta Lambda periods.5 On contrary, Poland, 2700 cases, infections Alpha linked higher fatality rates original strain.6 studies shown needed previous periods.7, 8 main finding fever 67% patients this maintained multicentre network paediatricians working Care hospital (https://www.copedicat.cat/) Catalonia (Spain) found 3400 July 2020 May 2022 (unpublished results). Respiratory 64% cases; however, upper versus distinguished study. Finally, 28% included I want comment on last described persistence children's tissues biological fluids weeks months acute infection. Moreover, RNA isolated intestinal mucosa reinforcing hypothesis tissue could serve sanctuary viral replication.9 Buonsenso al.10 commented chronically stimulate local immune responses contribute major pathological event leading characterise long-covid, lead uncontrolled inflammatory events multisystem syndrome (MIS-C). once analysed information study,1 certain alone accompanied good history complete epidemiology data enough obtain ascertainment At moment, necessary second question: viruses? Although rapid antigenic tests performed centres pharmacies auto-testing home commonly identify presence SARS-CoV-2, For objective, will need use molecular tests, polymerase chain reaction, better through genomic sequencing virus. authors tried deep machine learning analysis predict specific population,11 robust area under curve odds COVID-19, mainly younger who affected infections. In fact, show age-differences COVID-19. hand, review Society Paediatric Infectious Diseases members recommends point-of-care integrated into routine diagnostics emergency departments, where decisions must undertaken.12 authors, conclude performance diagnostic procedures ultimately do influence decision-making avoided.12 Therefore, there support tools assist providing accurate diagnosis, controlled studies, especially biomarkers impact clinically relevant outcomes departments both high- low-resource settings.12 leads final question; causing children? instance, diagnose child RSV rhinovirus. long-term complications form recurrent bronchitis asthma early stages life if episode occurs 6 age. Opposite RSV, parainfluenza potential implications follow-up. addition, research demonstrated middle affecting MIS-C long-covid syndrome. incidence decreasing latest subvariants.13 Differential helpful applying effective appropriate management disease. Ongoing sentinel surveillance, sequencing, translational essential monitor prevalence outcomes. We active sustainable surveillance systems enable correlation virological al. stated conclusions study.1 Without approach preparedness pandemics control spread target preventive like vaccination campaigns. As consequence, improvise again happened started 2020. summary, distinguishing several reasons: firstly, launch measures, require interventions; secondly, treatment strategies vary based disease; finally, vaccines antiviral medications viruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0