Editorial: Steatotic Liver Diseases Emerge as Rapidly Growing Drivers of Primary Liver Cancer in the United States—Author's Reply

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

We extend our sincere gratitude for the recent editorial highlighting manuscript [1]. In study titled 'Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Emerges as Fastest-Growing Aetiologies Primary Cancer in United States', we analysed prevalence, incidence and mortality trends of primary liver cancer (PLC) States using data from Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2021 database [2]. Our findings emphasise increasing contribution steatotic disease–related PLC to overall burden States, although chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains leading contributor PLC. also acknowledge limitations raised Torosian et al. [1], particularly inability GBD evaluate based on race, ethnicity, histological subtypes or distinctions between metabolic dysfunction–associated alcohol-associated disease (MetALD) [3]. Future iterations should strive incorporate these subgroups provide a more nuanced understanding. Despite advancements management, progress identifying at-risk individuals achieving early detection HCC populations has not kept pace with treatment innovations, associated (SLD) [4, 5]. For instance, prior meta-analyses demonstrated that SLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly less likely be detected screening often diagnosed at advanced stage compared other etiologies [6, 7]. Beyond improving screening, policy measures such alcohol taxation, pricing strategies reducing availability could play pivotal role alleviating [8]. dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), it essential implement include intensive lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatments slow prevent progression fibrosis [9]. Supporting patients MASH requires multidisciplinary approach, including expanded involvement nutritionists, social prescribing initiatives acknowledgement critical nutrition. These steps are addressing public health challenges posed MASLD, MASH-associated [10]. The elimination HCV sustained momentum continues contribute global burden. However, attainable due HCV's distinct characteristics, reliable diagnostic tests cost-effective cost-saving interventions. Key blood donors HCV, promoting safe injection practices, enforcing robust infection-control programmes minimise transmission providing effective antiviral those infected. summary, highlight need early, targeted interventions mitigate sustain eliminating HCV. Such efforts reduce synergistically. Pojsakorn Danpanichkul: writing – original draft. Donghee Kim: review editing. Chun Wei Pan: Amit G. Singal: Ju Dong Yang: Karn Wijarnpreecha: authors' declarations personal financial interests unchanged article This linked Danpanichkul al papers. To view articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18508. Data sharing applicable this no datasets were generated during current study.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Steatotic Liver Diseases Emerge as Rapidly Growing Drivers of Primary Liver Cancer in the United States

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

With the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C (HCV) in 2013 and increased uptake vaccines B, burden viral-related chronic liver disease has significantly decreased [1, 2]. It was predicted that this would lead to a plateau or even decrease incidence primary cancer (PLC) especially younger cohorts specific ethnic groups [3-5]. However, concurrent rise metabolic syndrome alcohol use disorder led emergence steatotic as most common cause [6-8]. previously unknown how shift aetiology affected recent trends PLC incidence, prevalence mortality. Utilising Global Burden Disease (GBD) Study 2021, Danpanichkul et al. demonstrated cases deaths United States have steadily from 2000 mostly due alcohol-associated (ALD) dysfunction associated (MASLD) [9]. They found ALD be fastest growing PLC, which contrasts prior data GBD 2019, identified MASLD PLC. The authors astutely point out harmful context COVID-19 pandemic cardio States, are likely driving rapid both MASLD. Despite this, HCV is still leading contributed highest prevalence, by albeit with slower growth recently evaluated era 2015 2021. paper aligns studies shown an frequency males older adults, but constraints data, unable evaluate race/ethnicity distinguish between type i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma cholangiocarcinoma [3, 10]. work highlights importance continuing bolster screening treatment programs not only reduce also prevent morbidity mortality we yet seen peak HCV-related projected third 2040, further study will required address many unanswered questions including ALD, MetALD, best refine identify patients without cirrhosis, particularly large non-cirrhotic population. Still, important advances our knowledge evolving etiologic drivers their impact on cancer-related death disability-adjusted life years. Public health policies focused curbing SLD, like efforts made eradicate HCV, meaningfully ongoing Kelly Torosian: writing – original draft, conceptualization. Veeral Ajmera: conceptualization, review editing, draft. declare no conflicts interest. This article linked al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18511. Data sharing applicable datasets were generated analysed during current study.

Language: Английский

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Letter: Global Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease‐Related Liver Cancer—Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

We read with great interest the study by Danpanichkul et al. [1], which conducted an in-depth analysis of burden primary liver cancer (PLC) in United States from 2000 to 2021. The results revealed that PLC incidences increased 141% and deaths 136%. age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) death (ASDR) for also rose, primarily driven alcohol-related disease metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic (MASLD). Additionally, rising prevalence obesity syndrome, MASLD has risen substantially, fuelling a rise MASLD-related [2, 3]. These findings highlight necessity further research into global cancer. Using Global Burden Disease Study 2021 database, we analysed incident cases, deaths, ASIR ASDR globally 1990 assessed these country, region, year, age sex measured trends using average annual percentage change (AAPC). employed Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model forecast 2022 2045. In 2021, cases were 42,291 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 34,032.6–51,129.5) 40,925 UI: 32,961–49,610), respectively. From increased, AAPCs 0.99 confidence [CI] 0.95–1.03) 0.82 CI: 0.72–0.92). East Asia recorded highest while Australasia showed most significant increases (Figure 1A,B). Nationally, China, Japan had burdens, over 60% countries showing 1C,D). 65–74 group peaked 85–89 90–94 groups, respectively 1E,F). BAPC modelling predicts both sexes 1G,H), though are projected decline females stabilise males next 24 years. conclusion, varies significantly across regions, underlining need region-specific strategies address growing problem. While is expected years, will continue increase, exacerbated factors [4]. addition, our previous studies have shown ageing as major factor increasing [5]. Notably, according world population report released Nations 2019, size elderly (≥ 65 years) increase all regions three decades, number people worldwide more than double 1.5 billion 2050 [6]. It therefore necessary policymakers make policy adjustments line order meet needs challenges population. Chunlong Liu: methodology, conceptualization, investigation, software, formal analysis, visualization, writing – original draft. Ziqiang He: draft, analysis. Jiangtao Yu: data curation, supervision, resources, review editing. Rui Yang: editing, resources. appreciate excellent works Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors (GBD) collaborators. authors declare no conflicts interest. This article linked al papers. To view articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18520. Data sources code used available on internet (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbdresults-tool). presented unpublished elsewhere not duplicated.

Language: Английский

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Letter: Global Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease‐Related Liver Cancer—Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Authors' Reply

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

We deeply appreciate the insightful letter from Liu and He et al., which highlights their analysis of global burden metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cancer using Global Burden Disease Study (GBD) 2021 database [1]. The similarities between findings our observations on rising MASLD-related in United States underscore importance this issue [2]. data trends cancer, particularly notable increases incidence mortality, are highly significant. Prior studies same also emphasised disease-related with increasing age-standardised rates for both alcohol-associated (ALD) (APC: 0.26%, 95% CI 0.22%–0.30%) MASLD 0.62%, 0.58%–0.67%) [3, 4]. non-overlapping confidence intervals support assertion, as noted by that is a primary driver disease, evidenced projections through 2050 However, several limitations to GBD methodology warrant consideration [5]. For example, alcohol use frequently underreported, could result some cases being reclassified dysfunction (MetALD) or ALD [6, 7]. A comprehensive history, including recent lifetime intake, essential ensure accurate prognosis management. Consideration alcohol's impact syndrome criteria, reassessing over time, addressing challenges underreporting biomarkers, validated questionnaires collateral information [6]. Furthermore, since 2024, Resmetirom has received conditional approval treating MASH, while treatment advancements have lagged behind, suggesting future may increase more than [8, 9]. further underscores critical need incorporate demographic factors, population aging, into strategies preventing managing cancer. This extends ALD-associated disorder shows similar prevalence general [10]. Such insights can guide development tailored public health resource allocation effectively address these populations' unique needs, will translate prevention Further refinement large-scale databases accurately quantify aetiology-specific contributions, globally, informing efforts, target populations, reduce mortality. Pojsakorn Danpanichkul: writing – original draft. Donghee Kim: review editing. Markos Kalligeros: Amit G. Singal: Ju Dong Yang: Karn Wijarnpreecha: Yang consults AstraZeneca, Eisai, Exact Sciences FujiFilm Medical Sciences. Singal served consultant advisory boards Genentech, Exelixis, Bayer, Elevar, Boston Scientific, Sirtex, Histosonics, Sciences, Roche, Abbott, Glycotest, Freenome GRAIL. authors' declarations personal financial interests unchanged those article linked Danpanichkul al papers. To view articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473 https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18510. authors nothing report.

Language: Английский

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