The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
595(8), P. 2681 - 2698
Published: Feb. 8, 2017
Key
points
Lysophosphatidic
acid
(LPA)
is
an
itch
mediator,
but
not
a
pain
mediator
by
cheek
injection
model.
Dorsal
root
ganglion
neurons
directly
respond
to
LPA
depending
on
transient
receptor
potential
ankyrin
1
(TRPA1)
and
vanilloid
(TRPV1).
LPA‐induced
itch‐related
behaviours
are
decreased
in
TRPA1‐knockout
(KO),
TRPV1KO
or
TRPA1TRPV1
double
KO
mice.
TRPA1
TRPV1
channels
activated
intracellular
LPA,
extracellular
following
5
activation
with
activity
of
Ca
2+
‐independent
phospholipase
A
2
D.
Intracellular
interaction
sites
KK672–673
KR977–978
(K:
lysine,
R:
arginine).
Abstract
Intractable
continuous
sensations
often
accompany
diseases
such
as
atopic
dermatitis,
neurogenic
lesions,
uremia
cholestasis.
found
cholestatic
patients
it
induces
acute
experimental
rodent
models.
However,
the
molecular
mechanism
which
activates
peripheral
sensory
remains
unknown.
In
this
study,
we
used
method
mice
reveal
that
induced
pain‐related
behaviours.
The
behaviour
cellular
effects
were
dependent
(TRPV1),
important
for
signal
transduction.
We
also
that,
among
six
receptors,
had
greatest
involvement
itching.
Furthermore,
demonstrated
D
(PLD)
plays
critical
role
downstream
intracellularly
TRPV1.
These
results
suggest
unique
cytoplasmic
produced
de
novo
could
activate
conclude
mediated
,
PLD,
signalling,
thus
targeting
TRPA1,
PLD
be
effective
interventions.
Progress in Lipid Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
80, P. 101068 - 101068
Published: Oct. 14, 2020
Lipids
are
abundant
and
play
essential
roles
in
human
health
disease.
The
main
functions
of
lipids
building
blocks
for
membrane
biogenesis.
However,
also
metabolized
to
produce
signaling
molecules.
Here,
we
discuss
the
emerging
circulating
lysophospholipids.
These
lysophospholipids
consist
lysoglycerophospholipids
lysosphingolipids.
They
both
present
cells
at
low
concentration,
but
their
concentrations
extracellular
fluids
significantly
higher.
biological
some
these
have
been
recently
revealed.
Remarkably,
pivotal
as
well
being
precursors
Revealing
how
produced,
released,
transported,
utilized
multi-organ
systems
is
critical
understand
functions.
discovery
enzymes,
carriers,
transporters,
receptors
has
shed
light
on
physiological
significance.
In
this
review,
summarize
via
discussing
about
proteins
regulating
We
potential
impacts
diseases.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Feb. 1, 2021
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic
acid
(LPA)
is
an
abundant
bioactive
phospholipid,
with
multiple
functions
both
in
development
and
pathological
conditions.
Here,
we
review
the
literature
about
differential
signaling
of
LPA
through
its
specific
receptors,
which
makes
this
lipid
a
versatile
molecule.
This
important
for
understanding
how
molecule
can
have
such
diverse
effects
during
central
nervous
system
angiogenesis;
also,
it
act
as
powerful
mediator
conditions,
neuropathic
pain,
neurodegenerative
diseases,
cancer
progression.
Ultimately,
preclinical
clinical
uses
Autotaxin,
LPA,
receptors
therapeutic
targets,
approaching
most
recent
data
promising
molecules
modulating
production
signaling.
aims
to
summarize
update
knowledge
mechanisms
order
understand
biological
health
disease.
Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
158(3), P. 550 - 561
Published: Nov. 9, 2019
Etrasimod
(APD334)
is
an
oral,
selective
sphingosine
1-phosphate
receptor
modulator
in
development
for
immune-mediated
inflammatory
disorders.
We
assessed
the
efficacy
and
safety
of
etrasimod
patients
with
moderately
to
severely
active
ulcerative
colitis
(UC).In
a
phase
2,
proof-of-concept,
double-blind,
parallel-group
study,
adult
outpatients
modified
Mayo
Clinic
scores
(MCSs)
(stool
frequency,
rectal
bleeding,
endoscopy
findings)
4-9,
endoscopic
subscores
2
or
more,
bleeding
1
more
were
randomly
assigned
groups
given
once-daily
mg
(n
=
52),
50),
placebo
54)
12
weeks.
The
study
was
performed
from
October
15,
2015,
through
February
14,
2018,
at
87
centers
17
countries.
primary
endpoint
increase
mean
improvement
MCS
baseline
week
12.
Secondary
endpoints
included
proportion
(subscores
less)
Exploratory
endpoints,
including
clinical
remission,
are
reported
article,
although
statistically
powered
draw
conclusions
only
on
endpoint.At
12,
group
met
all
secondary
endpoints.
led
significantly
greater
than
(difference
placebo,
0.99
points;
90%
confidence
interval,
0.30-1.68;
P
.009),
0.43
points
(90%
reduction
0.24
1.11;
nominal
.15).
Endoscopic
occurred
41.8%
receiving
vs
17.8%
(P
.003).
Most
adverse
events
mild
moderate.
Three
had
transient,
asymptomatic,
low-grade
atrioventricular
block
that
resolved
spontaneously
evidence
before
exposure.In
colitis,
effective
producing
improvements.
Further
warranted.
Clinicaltrials.gov,
Number:
NCT02447302.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(13), P. 2058 - 2058
Published: June 29, 2022
Sphingosine-1-phosphate
(S1P)
and
S1P
receptors
(S1PR)
are
bioactive
lipid
molecules
that
ubiquitously
expressed
in
the
human
body
play
an
important
role
immune
system.
S1P-S1PR
signaling
has
been
well
characterized
trafficking
activation
both
innate
adaptive
systems.
Despite
this
knowledge,
full
scope
pathogenesis
of
autoimmune
disorders
is
not
yet.
From
discovery
fingolimod,
first
modulator,
until
siponimod,
new
molecule
recently
approved
for
treatment
secondary
progressive
multiple
sclerosis
(SPMS),
there
a
great
advance
understanding
functions
their
involvement
diseases,
including
(MS).
Modulation
on
interesting
target
various
disorders.
Improved
mechanism
action
fingolimod
allowed
development
more
selective
second-generation
S1PR
modulators.
Subtype
1
(S1PR1)
cell
surface
lymphocytes,
which
known
to
major
MS
pathogenesis.
The
S1PR1’s
facilitated
pharmacological
strategies
directed
target,
theoretically
reduced
safety
concerns
derived
from
use
fingolimod.
A
was
achieved
March
2019
when
Food
Drug
Association
(FDA)
Siponimod,
active
relapsing–remitting
MS.
Siponimod
became
oral
disease
modifying
therapy
(DMT)
specifically
forms
Additionally,
relapsing
MS,
ozanimod
by
FDA
2020.
Currently,
ongoing
trials
focused
other
new-generation
S1PR1
This
review
approaches
fundamental
aspects
sphingosine
phosphate
modulators
main
similarities
differences.