Short-range interactions govern the dynamics and functions of microbial communities

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 366 - 375

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Using joint species distribution models for evaluating how species‐to‐species associations depend on the environmental context

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 443 - 452

Published: April 1, 2017

Summary Joint species distribution models ( JSDM ) are increasingly used to analyse community ecology data. Recent progress with s has provided ecologists new tools for estimating associations (residual co‐occurrence patterns after accounting environmental niches) from large data sets, as well increasing the predictive power of SDM s) by such associations. Yet, one critical limitation developed thus far is that they assume constant However, in real ecological communities, direction and strength interspecific interactions likely be different under conditions. In this paper, we overcome shortcoming present allowing covary measured covariates. To estimate environmental‐dependent associations, utilize a latent variable structure, where factor loadings modelled linear regression We illustrate performance statistical framework both simulated Our results show perform substantially better inferring than single s, especially sparse Furthermore, consistently overperform terms generating predictions account environment‐dependent biotic implemented MATLAB package, which includes model parameterization post‐processing results, particularly addressing whether how depend on provides tool who wish investigate non‐manipulative observational dependency context. method can applied answer fundamental questions about species’ shift changing conditions, predict future changes response global change.

Language: Английский

---

Unveiling the resistance of native weed communities: insights for managing invasive weed species in disturbed environments

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 753 - 777

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Weed communities influence the dynamics of ecosystems, particularly in disturbed environments where anthropogenic activities often result higher pollution. Understanding existing between native weed and invasive species is crucial for effective management normal ecosystem functioning. Recognising potential resistance to invasion can help identify suitable plants restoration operations. This review aims investigate adaptations exhibited by non‐native weeds that may affect invasions within environments. Factors such as ecological characteristics, altered soil conditions, potentially confer a competitive advantage relative or are analysed. Moreover, roles biotic interactions competition, mutualistic relationships, allelopathy shaping described. Emphasis given consideration key factor provides insights conservation efforts Additionally, this underscores need further research unravel underlying mechanisms devise targeted strategies. These strategies aim promote mitigate negative effects By delving deeper into these insights, we gain an understanding ecosystems develop valuable species, restore long‐term sustainability.

Language: Английский

---

When can positive interactions cause alternative stable states in ecosystems?

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 88 - 97

Published: Nov. 12, 2015

Summary After a period of heavy emphasis on negative interactions, such as predation and competition, the past two decades have seen an explosion literature role positive interactions in ecological communities. Such can take many forms. One possibility is that amelioration environmental stress by plants or sessile animals enhances growth, reproduction survival others, but more intricate patterns exist. Importantly may contribute to creating feedback. For instance, biomass lead improved conditions causing better growth therefore leading biomass. A feedback necessary (but not sufficient) condition for emergence alternative stable states at community scale. However, plant animal communities rarely addresses this connection. Here, we address gap, asking question when states, hence set stage catastrophic transitions tipping points ecosystems. We argue that, although there are number now classical examples which clearly main actors loops, empirical theoretical research scaling up from individual‐level ecosystem scale processes needed further understand under trigger thereby states.

Language: Английский

---

Restoring forests: What constitutes success in the twenty-first century?

New Forests, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 46(5-6), P. 601 - 614

Published: Oct. 5, 2015

Language: Английский

---

Dispersal governs the reorganization of ecological networks under environmental change

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(6)

Published: May 8, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing positive species interactions as a tool against climate-driven loss of coastal biodiversity

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. e2006852 - e2006852

Published: Sept. 4, 2018

Habitat-forming species sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in harsh environments through the amelioration of physical stress. Nonetheless, their role shaping patterns distribution under future climate scenarios is generally overlooked. Focusing on coastal systems, we assess how habitat-forming can influence ability stress-sensitive to exhibit plastic responses, adapt novel environmental conditions, or track suitable climates. Here, argue that habitat-former populations could be managed as a nature-based solution against climate-driven loss biodiversity. Drawing from different ecological biological disciplines, identify series actions resilience marine change, well effectiveness reliability rescuing increasingly adverse conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Accurate predictions of coexistence in natural systems require the inclusion of facilitative interactions and environmental dependency

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 106(5), P. 1839 - 1852

Published: Aug. 13, 2018

Abstract Coexistence between plant species is well known to depend on the outcomes of interactions within an environmental context. The incorporation variation into empirical studies coexistence are rare, however, due complex experiments needed do so and lack feasible modelling approaches for determining how factors alter specific mechanisms. In this article, we present a simple framework assessing in across gradients impact niche overlap fitness differences, two core determinants coexistence. We use novel formulation annual population dynamics model that allows competitive facilitative strength direction these gradients. Using framework, examine plant–plant four commonly co‐occurring from Western Australian woodlands. then determine differences vary three previously identified as important structuring diversity patterns system: soil phosphorus, shade water. found facilitation be widespread phenomenon most pairs shift multiple Environmental conditions also altered strength, relative both nonlinear unpredictable ways. Synthesis . provide incorporating heterogeneity explorations Our findings highlight importance environment outcome potential pairwise species. prevalence our system indicates need improve current theoretical frameworks include noncompetitive ways translating effects explicit predictions study suggests further research which result consistent responses variation. Such information will ability predict coexistence, invasion events whole communities future change.

Language: Английский

---

Coupling Spatiotemporal Community Assembly Processes to Changes in Microbial Metabolism

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Dec. 16, 2016

Community assembly processes generate shifts in species abundances that influence ecosystem cycling of carbon and nutrients, yet our understanding remains largely separate from ecosystem-level functioning. Here, we investigate relationships between changes microbial metabolism across space time hyporheic communities. We pair sampling two habitat types (i.e., attached planktonic) through seasonal sub-hourly hydrologic fluctuation with null modeling temporally-explicit multivariate statistics. demonstrate multiple selective pressures—imposed by sediment porewater physicochemistry—integrate to community composition at distinct timescales among types. These are reflective contrasting associations Betaproteobacteria Thaumarchaeota ecological selection metabolism. present a conceptual model based on results which increases when oscillating pressures oppose temporally-stable pressures. Our is pertinent both macrobial systems experiencing presents an avenue for assimilating into predictions

Language: Английский

---

Facilitation in communities: underlying mechanisms, community and ecosystem implications

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 3 - 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Facilitation (positive interactions among organisms) in communities has been the subject of increasing interest for community ecologists since mid-nineties (Fig. 1), although this is a pioneer core concept theory, proposed 100 years before issue by Clements (1916), as main driving biotic mechanism plant succession. However, it was neglected most decades due to overwhelming popularity at that time individualistic (Gleason 1926; Whittaker 1956) and competition theories (Grime 1974; Tilman 1982). Until mid-nineties, far studied interaction, particular (see Fig. 1: more than 90% studies published concerned only competition). evidence facilitation experiments conducted severe conditions from marine intertidal terrestrial environments, Bertness & Callaway (1994) conceptual model where switches with environmental severity. Since then, during following two decades, never ceased increase currently 76% concerns During first half period emergence an important research area, number evidenced multiple ecosystem implications (Callaway 1995, 1997, 1998; Pugnaire, Haase Puigdefábregas 1996; Walker 1997; Hacker Gaines Holmgren, Scheffer Huston Brooker Callaghan Stachowicz 2001; Bruno, 2003; Lortie et al. 2004; Armas Pugnaire 2005; 2006; Padilla 2006), many empirical focused on experimental test (e.g. Luque 2002; but see 2007 2008 reviews). became well-established phenomenon. strong controversy questioned 2005 importance dry environments and, thus, validity Stress Gradient Hypothesis (Maestre, Valladares Reynolds Michalet 2006, 2007; Maestre 2009; Armas, Rodríguez-Echeverría 2011). This followed publication other alternative models SGH, proposing collapse extremely stressful (Michalet 2014a; Xiao Holmgren 2010; Verwijmeren 2013; Le Bagousse-Pinguet 2014a). At refinement, European Science Foundation meeting held Arcachon (France) conclusions which were collected highly cited (Brooker 2008; 1). (2008) also highlighted several key issues developing future basis BES symposium organized 2009 Aberdeen subsequent special Journal Ecology The goal open new directions, actively develop links fields would profit, such evolutionary ecology, restoration ecology sciences. field moved incredibly fast There have novel recent advances, assessment consequences 2011; Thorpe Butterfield 2013), feedback effects between facilitator facilitated species Schöb 2014a,b,c), functional Schöb, 2012; 2013) or below-ground organisms Hortal 2013). Several meta-analyses theoretical further analysed relevance SGH contrasting results (He, Altieri He 2014; 2014a,b; Soliveres Soliveres, Smit 2015; 2015). Pakeman (2009) asked after symposium, we believe will soon reach kind maturity, beyond confrontations simple picture greater (Semchenko 2016). As Grime-Tilman debate eighties early nineties, are now aware no single may explain occurrence disappearance along gradients. Nature much complex our models, rather keep deepen knowledge mechanisms their implications. Special Feature go back basics facilitation, trying review (papers 1–4), structure 5–8) functions services 9 10). complements journal 2013 (Robinson, Trinder authors represent large panel specialists positive ecological communities, extend group researchers. preparation Issue closely aligned Baeza (Spain) September 2014, acknowledge all participants helpful comments certainly improved quality Feature. (2016) address one contentious debates surrounding stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), relationship water limitation facilitation. mentioned above, topic hotly debated 2005. take here close look role soil moisture mediating plant–plant interactions. By assessing climate texture process using empirically parameterized model, simulated dynamics beneath shrubs gaps data 1000 sites Western United States. They found difference under decreased aridity when long-term average considered, contrary expectations based SGH. extreme shrub greatest intermediate points spatial gradient, consistent hump-backed 2010). These suggest predictable, highlight accounting temporal heterogeneity determining plant–soil relationships. Rather focusing predictions, be beneficial explicitly incorporate into predictive interaction outcome drylands. In related paper, Metz Tielbörger modifying impact change communities. magnitude even direction response changes – gradients remains debated, especially limited ecosystems. Unfortunately, mechanistic manipulations rare compared correlative approaches infer patterns observations climatic gradients, predictions these range aridification. argue methodology used greatly affect outcome. use unique combined large-scale, whether about yield similar manipulations, variation. assessed shrub–annual three different 27 natural rainfall (spatial) varying (temporal) 8 wet ambient (experimental) mimicked regional scenarios. differed approaches. Experimental hardly altered annual Along shifted clearly negative mildly facilitative towards drier sites, whereas variations showed opposite trend: years. Based approach, conclude shrub-annual remain unaltered climates. conclusion contrasts suggestion made space-for-time should change. Long-term appear critical evaluating impacts. misleading, overestimating Despite growing microbiota fitness dynamics, little explored date. Rodríguez-Echeverría, Lozano Bardgett synthesize scant available effect nurse plants abundance, composition activity microbial addressing nurses beneficiary species. Evidence suggests promote larger, differentiated high activity, dominance competitive bacteria larger mycorrhizal networks, adjacent soils without nurses. Such establishment, growth through variety mechanisms, including increased nutrient availability, stabilization niche complementarity, direct molecular signalling microbes defence Although mounting, there still few draw general conclusions. its infancy, needed understand precise they influence plants. date primarily plants, often neglecting extended cascade networks. Lortie, Filazolla Sotomayor propose framework explores roles interacting species, quantitatively summarize current state examining A examined animals benefactor-subordinate association. Selecting 36 documented interactions, generated total 53 independent instances either shrub–plant–animal shrub–animal–plant split indirect animals. Hypotheses frequently tested included seed trapping, herbivore protection, magnet pollination facilitation-mediated secondary dispersal. common protection herbivory, animal associated plant-facilitation complexes consumer. multitrophic, integrated sets incorporating advancing management high-stress ecosystems wherein commonly reported. set papers focuses diversity ranging alpine arctic general. best known (Hacker Lázaro 2000; Cavieres Badano 2009). patch level, comparing within patches vs. away them areas, 2014). Issue, literature dominated cushion forms, show community-level cases some systems dominant measured level. Indeed, if add present areas high-stress- disturbance-intolerance, whole (cushions + areas) presence Additionally, stronger impoverished local diversity, suggesting acts insurance policy harsh environments. study highlights scale studies, patchy ecosystems, very frequent arid Tewksbury Lloyd 2001). another Bräthen contribution depending height tundra. Across wide biomass (11–800 g m−2), both stressed relatively benign conditions, observed Norway humped-back richness/biomass theory 1973; Fraser Increasing significantly richness showing canopies occurs conditions. result because contribute shaping curve not absent weak 2006). expected mediated changing neighbour gradient. words, tallest neighbours mid-sized mid-position Finally, become too short any (Le 2014b). comparisons needed, interesting might ubiquitous originally thought argued McIntire Fajardo (2014). physical induced can dependent could overwhelm Levine 1999; 2015a,b). Building facilitation-expanded (2003), Bulleri explore particular, broadening niches potential overlap competitors, net diversity. realized depend trade-off fundamental expansion competitors predators determine intensity assess niche-broadening responses Facilitated benefactors. Feedback poorly addressed (but 1996), call (Bronstein 2009), 2014a,b,c). Most effects. Using base (2013), (2014) (2014a,b), additional survey north-western China, grasses higher forbs legumes. strength grass mesic sites. ideas (sensu 2016) legumes All network selective pressures ultimately eco-evolutionary stability (Bascompte, Jordano Olesen Whitham Bronstein Kéfi, focus stable states level organisms, connection rarely gap, asking lead states, hence stage catastrophic transitions tipping getting clearer understanding species-level ecosystem-level shifts investigating networks abiotic environment, merging Therefore, need integration decade (2003). better essential smart (and prevention shifts) (the trigger loops). Knowledge final paper emerging problem derived agricultural intensification, reductions farmland biodiversity. Ecological applied agriculture enable biodiversity conservation farmlands whilst pressing food security. Obvious examples intercropping systems, combinations crop circumstances allow reduced inputs agrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) per unit yield, knock-on benefits conservation. Other processes play Increased genetic help protect crops pests diseases. overlooked research, involved operate analogous manner associational against herbivores, well recognized literature. intercropping, nature arise pesticide harvested crop. Our arising work lessons semi-natural easy identify quantify non-crop deserve consideration. emphasize deliver sustainable practices. being fully comprehensive overview numerous underlying relevant topics are, example, phylogenetic hot Al Hayek provides science. sheds light variation historically dominated, sometimes excessively, For modelling comparative incredible complexity dependency types data. section revealed aspects relation trophic levels, micro-organisms two-first second (community implications) ubiquity types. contrast, last fitness, how crucial improving sustainability efficiency greener world. Twenty modern shows vitality potential. We amplify likely relationships diversities deserves 2015c). New efforts invested analyses. improve change, infancy Anthelme, Dangles thank International University Andalucia (UNIA) hosting partly funding 2014 workshop Baeza, Spain, discussed. grateful vivid discussions, helped papers. Ken Thompson David Robinson manuscript.

Language: Английский

---