Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 362(6419)

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Animals count Flux across the carbon cycle is generally characterized by contributions from plants, microbes, and abiotic systems. Animals, however, move vast amounts of carbon, both through ecosystem webs landscape. Schmitz et al. review different that animal populations make to cycling discuss approaches allow for better monitoring these contributions. Science , this issue p. eaar3213

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem Function and Services of Aquatic Predators in the Anthropocene

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 369 - 383

Published: March 8, 2019

Language: Английский

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Review of microplastics in lakes: sources, distribution characteristics, and environmental effects

Carbon Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are contaminants that damage lake ecosystems by enriching pollutants. This study investigated the current state of MPs in lakes using bibliometric method and correlation analysis. The results show abundance is negatively correlated with depth area distance to populated areas, positively surrounding population density. main factors influencing MP were human activities, including pollution diffusion waste generation from agricultural, industrial, domestic activities. prevalent water systems vary type shape. Moreover, vertically distributed lakes, resulting high concentrations sediments. Lake ice caps adsorb air during freezing, leading higher on surface lower layers (10–100 times than water). mechanisms underlying toxic effects organisms aquatic identified study. can inhibit growth plants suppressing photosynthesis. When combined other pollutants, disrupt energy metabolism, cause physiological changes liver, even lead death organisms. We established evidence regarding migration regulation ice, water, sediment, multi-media currently insufficient requires further exploration. aims identify sources, pathways, regulations, support future research solutions. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Context dependency of animal resource subsidies

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94(2), P. 517 - 538

Published: Sept. 24, 2018

The transport of resource subsidies by animals has been documented across a range species and ecosystems. Although many these studies have shown that animal can significant effects on nutrient cycling, ecosystem productivity, food-web structure, there is great deal variability in the occurrence strength effects. Here we propose conceptual framework for understanding context dependency subsidies, developing testing predictions about over space time. We general framework, which abiotic characteristics vector from donor interact to determine quantity, quality, timing, duration (QQTD) an input. input translated through lens recipient characteristics, include both consumer yield QQTD subsidy. subsidy influences dynamics trophic structure function, may influence ecosystem's response further inputs feed back ecosystem. present review research boundaries, placed within this discuss how function explore importance increasingly altered ecosystems, vectors ecosystems be changing rapidly. Finally, make recommendations future general, will increase our predictive capacity their

Language: Английский

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Passive acoustic monitoring as a potential tool to survey animal and ecosystem processes in freshwater environments

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 7 - 19

Published: June 28, 2019

Abstract Biodiversity in freshwater habitats is decreasing faster than any other type of environment, mostly as a result human activities. Monitoring these losses can help guide mitigation efforts. In most studies, sampling strategies predominantly rely on collecting animal and vegetal specimens. Although techniques produce valuable data, they are invasive, time‐consuming typically permit only limited spatial temporal replication. There need for the development complementary methods. As observed ecosystems, environments host animals that emit sounds, either to communicate or by‐product their activity. The main soniferous groups amphibians, fish, macroinvertebrates (mainly Coleoptera Hemiptera, but also some Decapoda, Odonata, Trichoptera). Biophysical processes such flow sediment transport well activities within aquatic ecosystems. Such be recorded, remotely autonomously, provide information local diversity ecosystem health. Passive acoustic monitoring ( PAM ) an emerging method already deployed terrestrial uses sounds survey environments. Key advantages its non‐invasive nature, ability record autonomously over long timescales. All research topics aims ecoacoustics, new scientific discipline investigating ecological role sounds. this paper, we review sources present We then underline areas which may helpful emphasising ecoacoustics. Finally, methods used analyse those acoustics represents potentially revolutionary ecology, enabling continuous dynamic bio‐physical inform conservation practitioners managers.

Language: Английский

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Benthic invaders control the phosphorus cycle in the world’s largest freshwater ecosystem

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(6)

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply limiting nutrients. invasion Laurentian Great Lakes, world's largest freshwater ecosystem, by dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels has dramatically altered ecology these lakes. A key open question is how dreissenids affect cycling phosphorus (P), nutrient that limits in Lakes. We show a single species, quagga mussel, now primary regulator P lower four By virtue their enormous biomass, sequester large quantities tissues intensify benthic exchanges. Mass balance analysis reveals previously unrecognized sensitivity Lakes where availability regulated dynamics mussel populations while role external inputs suppressed. Our results invasive species can have dramatic consequences for geochemical cycles even ecosystems. ongoing spread across multitude lakes North America Europe likely to carbon systems many decades, with important implications water quality management.

Language: Английский

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Ecological uniqueness of fish assemblages and species contributions to beta diversity are affected by river-lake disconnection

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Comparing the Ecological Stoichiometry in Green and Brown Food Webs – A Review and Meta-analysis of Freshwater Food Webs

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 29, 2017

The framework of ecological stoichiometry was developed primarily within the context "green" autotroph-based food webs. While stoichiometric principles also apply in "brown" detritus-based systems, these systems have been historically understudied and differ from green ones several important aspects including carbon (C) quality nutrient (nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P)) contents resources for consumers. In this paper, we review work over last decade that has advanced application to brown webs, focusing on freshwater ecosystems. We first three focal areas where webs differ: (1) bottom-up controls by light availability, (2) constraints consumer growth nutritional regulation, (3) patterns consumer-driven dynamics. Our highlights need further study how availability affect autotroph-heterotroph interactions detritus subsequent effects feeding growth. To complement conceptual review, formally quantified differences between using a meta-analysis across studies benthic invertebrates. From 257 datasets collated 46 publications unpublished studies, compared effect sizes (Pearson's r) resource N:C P:C growth, consumption, excretion, egestion herbivorous detritivorous revealed both herbivore detritivore are limited contents, but only among detritivores were significantly above zero. Consumption negative herbivores positive case P:C, indicating distinct compensatory responses gradients. Herbivore P excretion rates responded positively whereas N did not respond; respectively. as broadly limiting indicates contrasting mechanisms limitation owing differing regulation. suggest share fundamental principles, while identifying specific toward applying

Language: Английский

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Organic matter and nutrient inputs from large wildlife influence ecosystem function in the Mara River, Africa

Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 99(11), P. 2558 - 2574

Published: Sept. 4, 2018

Animals can be important vectors for the movement of resources across ecosystem boundaries. add to ecosystems primarily through egestion, excretion, and carcasses, stoichiometry bioavailability these inputs likely interact with characteristics recipient determine their effects on function. We studied influence hippopotamus excretion/egestion wildebeest interactions discharge, in Mara River, Kenya. measured nutrient dissolution decomposition rates wildlife inputs, concentrations limitation river biofilm growth function both experimental streams along a gradient river. found that increases ammonium coarse particulate organic matter river, carcasses increase ammonium, soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus. Concentrations dissolved carbon nutrients water column increased during low although decreased discharge due deposition bottom. Autotrophs were nitrogen limited heterotrophs phosphorus colimited upstream animal but there was no downstream inputs. In streams, hippo together gross primary production (GPP) respiration (R). These results differed where (R) biofilms, high conjunction GPP. Our research shows from large alleviate stimulate metabolism River extent which subsidize is mediated by quantity quality ecosystem. Thus, provide an ecological subsidy this many other rivers prior widespread extirpation wildlife.

Language: Английский

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Microbial food webs in hypertrophic fishponds: Omnivorous ciliate taxa are major protistan bacterivores

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 64(5), P. 2295 - 2309

Published: July 29, 2019

Abstract Despite the importance of shallow lakes worldwide, knowledge microbial components, base their food webs, remains scarce. To close this gap, we investigated planktonic in particular protistan bacterivory (for both ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates [HNF]), 10 hypertrophic fishponds South Bohemia (Czech Republic). We used fluorescently labeled bacteria as tracers to estimate how abundant populations (4–25 × 3 HNF mL −1 55–770 ) contribute total bacterial mortality. Fluorescence microscopy, innovative image processing tools, quantitative protargol staining were combined detect major bacterivorous omnivorous ciliate taxa. quantified production, by individual species, ciliates, all fishponds. On average, was comparable that HNF, accounting for 56% 44% grazing, respectively. found primarily Peritrichia (genera Vorticella , Epistylis Scuticociliata ( Cyclidium spp.) contributed only moderately (mean 26%) bacterivory. Unexpectedly, but highly Halteria/Pelagohalteria (Stichotrichia) and, a lesser extent, also Rimostrombidium spp. (Oligotrichia) significantly more 71%) than typical This suggests unselective grazers, which feed on broader size spectrum from small algae, may have considerable competitive advantage environments rich particles. Moreover, meta‐analysis available literature data supports our hypothesis role increases significantly, relative bacterivory, along trophic gradient toward habitats.

Language: Английский

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