Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?

˜The œcryosphere, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1347 - 1383

Published: April 24, 2020

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about potential downstream effects marine environment. Whilst a combination of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive field campaigns have improved our knowledge glacier–ocean interactions recent years, especially with respect fjord/ocean circulation, there are extensive gaps concerning how affect biogeochemistry productivity. Following two cross-cutting disciplinary International Science Committee (IASC) workshops addressing importance for ecosystem, here we review state art freshwater affects environment specific focus on biological Using series case studies (Nuup Kangerlua/Godthåbsfjord, Kongsfjorden, Kangerluarsuup Sermia/Bowdoin Fjord, Young Sound Sermilik Fjord), interconnected fjord–shelf exchange, nutrient availability, carbonate system, carbon cycle microbial food web investigated. Key findings that whether effect glacier primary production positive or negative highly dependent factors. These include type (marine- land-terminating), fjord–glacier geometry limiting resource(s) phytoplankton growth spatio-temporal region (light, macronutrients micronutrients). fjords therefore often exhibit distinct discharge–productivity relationships, multiple case-studies must be considered order understand net ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Dead or alive: sediment DNA archives as tools for tracking aquatic evolution and adaptation

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 7, 2020

DNA can be preserved in marine and freshwater sediments both bulk sediment intact, viable resting stages. Here, we assess the potential for combined use of ancient, environmental, timeseries resurrected long-term dormant organisms, to reconstruct trophic interactions evolutionary adaptation changing environments. These new methods, coupled with independent evidence biotic abiotic forcing factors, provide a holistic view past ecosystems beyond that offered by standard palaeoecology, help us implications ecological molecular change contemporary ecosystem functioning services, improve our ability predict environmental stress.

Language: Английский

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Environmental paleomicrobiology: using DNA preserved in aquatic sediments to its full potential

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 2201 - 2209

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

In-depth knowledge about spatial and temporal variation in microbial diversity function is needed for a better understanding of ecological evolutionary responses to global change. In particular, the study ancient DNA preserved sediment archives from lakes oceans can help us evaluate aquatic microbes past make predictions future biodiversity change those ecosystems. Recent advances molecular genetic methods applied analysis historically deposited sediments have not only allowed taxonomic identification communities but also enabled tracing their evolution adaptation episodic disturbances gradual environmental Nevertheless, some challenges remain scientists take full advantage rapidly developing field paleo-genetics, including limited ability detect rare taxa reconstruct complete genomes studies. Here, we provide brief review recent paleomicrobiology discuss remaining related application diversity, ecology, archives. We anticipate that, near future, will shed new light on processes genome ecosystem quaternary changes at an unprecedented level detail. This information can, example, aid geological reconstructions biogeochemical cycles predict perturbations, context human-induced changes.

Language: Английский

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Understanding and predicting harmful algal blooms in a changing climate: A trait‐based framework

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 229 - 246

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Abstract The worldwide proliferation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) both in freshwater and marine ecosystems make understanding predicting their occurrence urgent. Trait‐based approaches, where the focus is on functional traits, have been successful explaining community structure dynamics diverse but not applied extensively to HABs. existing trait compilations suggest that HAB taxa differ from non key traits determine responses major environmental drivers. Multi‐trait comparisons between HAB‐forming other phytoplankton taxa, as well within groups characterize interspecific intraspecific differences will help better define ecological niches different develop trait‐based mechanistic models, identify conditions would likely lead Building databases using them statistical models increase our ability predict occurrence, composition, severity under changing conditions, including anthropogenic global change.

Language: Английский

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Current status and prospects of algal bloom early warning technologies: A Review

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 349, P. 119510 - 119510

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Green land: Multiple perspectives on green algal evolution and the earliest land plants

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 110(5)

Published: May 1, 2023

Green plants, broadly defined as green algae and the land plants (together, Viridiplantae), constitute primary eukaryotic lineage that successfully colonized Earth's emergent landscape. Members of various clades have independently made transition from fully aquatic to subaerial habitats many times throughout history. The transition, unicells or simple filaments complex multicellular plant bodies with functionally differentiated tissues organs, was accompanied by innovations built upon a genetic phenotypic toolkit served phototrophs for at least billion years. These opened an enormous array new, drier places live on planet resulted in huge diversity dominated terrestrial ecosystems over past 500 million This review examines greening several perspectives, paleontology phylogenomics, water stress responses shared genomic evolution sporophyte generation. We summarize advances disparate fronts elucidating this important event biosphere lacunae our understanding it. present process not step-by-step advancement primitive cells inevitable success embryophytes, but rather adaptations exaptations allowed multiple combinations morphological physiological terrestrialized traits, become diverse successful inhabitants Earth.

Language: Английский

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Millennial-scale variations in Arctic sea ice are recorded in sedimentary ancient DNA of the microalga Polarella glacialis

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Sea ice is a critical component of the Earth’s Climate System and unique habitat. Sea-ice changes prior to satellite era are poorly documented, proxy methods needed constrain its past variability. Here, we demonstrate potential sedimentary DNA from Polarella glacialis , sea-ice microalga, for tracing conditions. We quantified P. (targeting nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region) in Arctic marine fjord surface sediments sediment core northern Baffin Bay spanning 12,000 years. trap samples confirmed that cysts common first-year sea sinking particulate matter following melt. Its detection more efficient with our molecular approach than standard micropaleontological methods. Given species inhabits coastal environments Antarctic, has become useful tool circum-polar reconstructions.

Language: Английский

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Combining high-throughput imaging flow cytometry and deep learning for efficient species and life-cycle stage identification of phytoplankton

BMC Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2018

Phytoplankton species identification and counting is a crucial step of water quality assessment. Especially drinking reservoirs, bathing ballast need to be regularly monitored for harmful species. In times multiple environmental threats like eutrophication, climate warming introduction invasive more intensive monitoring would helpful develop adequate measures. However, traditional methods such as microscopic by experts or high throughput flow cytometry based on scattering fluorescence signals are either too time-consuming inaccurate tasks. The combination qualitative microscopy with latest development in machine learning techniques can overcome this hurdle.In study, image was used collect ~ 47,000 images brightfield Chl at 60× magnification nine common freshwater nano- micro-phytoplankton. A deep neuronal network trained these applied identify the corresponding life cycle stage during batch cultivation. results show potential approach, where identity their respective could predicted accuracy 97%.These findings pave way reliable fast phytoplankton determination indicator

Language: Английский

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Dormancy in Metacommunities

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 194(2), P. 135 - 151

Published: April 29, 2019

Although metacommunity ecology has improved our understanding of how dispersal affects community structure and dynamics across spatial scales, it yet to adequately account for dormancy. Dormancy is a reversible state reduced metabolic activity that enables temporal within the metacommunity. also metacommunity-level process because can covary with affect diversity scales. We develop framework integrate dormancy, focusing on covariation they exhibit, predict dormancy modifies importance species interactions, dispersal, historical contingencies in metacommunities. used empirical modeling approaches demonstrate utility this framework. examined case studies microcrustaceans ephemeral ponds, where underlies dynamics, identified constraints strategies bromeliad-dwelling invertebrates. Using simulations, we showed alter classic patterns ways depend dispersal-dormancy spatiotemporal environmental variability. propose may facilitate evolution-mediated priority effects if locally adapted seed banks prevent colonization by more dispersal-limited species. Last, present testable predictions implications metacommunities, some which fundamentally ecology.

Language: Английский

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The Microbial Conveyor Belt: Connecting the Globe through Dispersion and Dormancy

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 482 - 492

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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