Levels of naturalism in social neuroscience research

iScience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 102702 - 102702

Published: June 12, 2021

In order to understand ecologically meaningful social behaviors and their neural substrates in humans other animals, researchers have been using a variety of stimuli the laboratory with goal extracting specific processes real-life scenarios. However, certain may not be sufficiently effective at evoking typical responses. Here, we review empirical research employing different types by classifying them into five levels naturalism. We describe advantages limitations while providing selected example studies for each level. emphasize important trade-off between experimental control ecological validity across Taking advantage newly emerging tools, such as real-time videos, virtual avatars, wireless sampling techniques, are now more than ever able adopt higher level naturalism better capture dynamics contingency interaction.

Language: Английский

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Scientific statement on the coverage of bats by the current pesticide risk assessment for birds and mammals

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(7)

Published: July 1, 2019

Bats are an important group of mammals, frequently foraging in farmland and potentially exposed to pesticides. This statement considers whether the current risk assessment performed for birds ground dwelling mammals pesticides is also protective bats. Three main issues were addressed. Firstly, bats toxicologically more or less sensitive than most mammals. Secondly, oral exposure greater lower birds. Thirdly, there other routes relevant A large variation toxicological sensitivity no relationship between bird mammal test-species could be found. In addition, have unique traits, such as echolocation torpor which can adversely affected by not covered endpoints currently selected wild assessment. The methodology was used adapted using bat-specific parameters. For exposure, it concluded that standard scenarios approach did cover pesticide residues food. Calculations potential dermal during spraying operations suggest this may a very route. Dermal should combined with inhalation exposure. Based on evidence compiled, Panel concludes adequately approach, need develop scheme. general, scarcity data assess risks bat Recommendations research made, including identification alternatives laboratory testing effects.

Language: Английский

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Behaviour, biology and evolution of vocal learning in bats

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 375(1789), P. 20190061 - 20190061

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

The comparative approach can provide insight into the evolution of human speech, language and social communication by studying relevant traits in animal systems. Bats are emerging as a model system with great potential to shed light on these processes given their learned vocalizations, close interactions, mammalian brains physiology. A recent framework outlined multiple levels investigation needed understand vocal learning across broad range non-human species, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, elephants, birds bats. Here, we apply this current state-of-the-art bat research. This encompasses our understanding abilities bats have displayed for learning, what is known about timing structure such knowledge prevalence trait order. It also addresses biology (vocal tract morphology, neurobiology genetics) trait. We conclude highlighting some key questions that should be answered advance biological encoding speech spoken communication. article part theme issue ‘What teach us language?’

Language: Английский

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An Updated Review of Hypotheses Regarding Bat Attraction to Wind Turbines

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 343 - 343

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Patterns of bat activity and mortalities at wind energy facilities suggest that bats are attracted to turbines based on behavioral responses turbines. For example, current monitoring efforts increases post-wind turbine construction, with making multiple passes near We separated the attraction hypothesis into five previously proposed explanations interactions or turbines, including noise, roost sites, foraging water, mating behavior, lights, one new regarding olfaction, provide a state knowledge in 2022. Our review indicates future research should prioritize social behaviors, such as scent-marking, this aspect has many postulates remains most unclear. Relatively more data lighting noise emission exist, these indicate unlikely attractants. Analyzing species-level be prioritized because differences foraging, flight, behavior among species. Lastly, assessing various scales, facility scale, is lacking, which could important insights for both siting decisions mortality minimization strategies. Identifying causes critical developing effective impact

Language: Английский

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The small‐bat‐in‐summer paradigm: Energetics and adaptive behavioural routines of bats investigated through a stochastic dynamic model

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(10), P. 2078 - 2093

Published: Sept. 3, 2023

Strong seasonality at high latitudes represents a major challenge for many endotherms as they must balance survival and reproduction in an environment that varies widely food availability temperature. To avoid energetic mismatches caused by limited foraging time stochastic weather conditions, bats employ the energy-saving state of torpor during summer to save accumulated energy reserves. However, high-latitude small-bats-in-summer face particular challenge: nocturnal foragers, rely on darkness night predators and/or interspecific competition, but live with short, light nights, even lack true northernmost distributions some bat species. predict optimal behaviour relation latitudinal variation diurnal cycles, we constructed dynamic programming model living latitudes. Using framework values are representative our study system, show individual reserves strong driver daytime use night-time alike, these linked effects being both temperature- photoperiod-dependent. We further used probabilities five locations across gradient (60.1° N 70.9° N), finding combinations photoperiod temperature conditions population model. verify results, compared predictions decisions own empirical data collected northern (Eptesicus nilssonii) from two Norway. The similarities between observations provide evidence this incorporates most important drivers decision-making physiology behaviour. Comparing also revealed facing lighter north restrict their mass gain, which strengthens hypothesis predation threat is main nocturnality. Our findings regarding state-dependent should contribute understanding how cope challenges

Language: Английский

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Social vocalizations indicate behavioural type in Glossophagine bats

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Vocalizations play a crucial role in the social systems of many animals and may inadvertently reveal behavioural characteristics sender. Bats, second largest mammalian order, rely extensively on vocalizations owing to their nocturnal lifestyle complex systems, making them ideal for studying links between consistent traits. In this study, we developed new testing regime investigate whether individual vocalization differences nectarivorous bats are associated with specific types. We exposed 60 wild, male Glossophaga soricina handleyi novel risky stressors assessed vocal responses. Proactive, exploratory bold were more likely produce calls, among vocalizing bats, agitated produced higher numbers calls. thus show that bat behaviour can be indicative certain type, potentially allowing conspecifics assess personalities from distance, which turn could impact subsequent interactions, group dynamics reproductive success. Our results, combination previous findings birds, suggest advertent or inadvertent long-distance broadcasting personality widespread, opening up exciting questions about sociality.

Language: Английский

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Single-Cell Landscape of the Cochlea Revealed Cell-Type-Specific Diversification in Hipposideros armiger Based on PacBio Long-Read Sequencing

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 211 - 211

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Echolocation represents one of the most rapid adaptive sensorimotor modulation behaviors observed in mammals, establishing bats as evolutionarily successful mammals. Bats rely on high-frequency hearing for survival, but our understanding its cellular molecular basis is scattered and segmented. Herein, we constructed first single-cell transcriptomic landscape cochlea Hipposideros armiger, a CF-FM bat, using PacBio-optimized genome compared it with results obtained from unoptimized original genomes. Sixteen distinct cell types were distributed across five spatial regions cochlea. Notably, through hematoxylin eosin staining fluorescence situ hybridization, identified new spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) cells H. armiger. These SGN are likely critical auditory perception may have driven evolution this species. Furthermore, uncovered differentiation relationships among specific types, such transition supporting to hair cells. Using cochlear atlas reference, susceptible deafness-associated genes (in human) also identified. In summary, study provides novel insights into mechanisms underlying highlights potential candidate therapeutic interventions loss.

Language: Английский

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Consistency of Use of Hummingbird Feeders by the Nectar-Feeding Bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Tucson Basin, Arizona

Acta Chiropterologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chemical Signalling While Mating in Tropical Bats

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cooperative Behaviors and Social Interactions in the Carnivorous BatVampyrum spectrum

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Abstract Bats exhibit a diverse array of social behaviors, yet detailed studies on the intricacies these interactions, particularly in rare species like spectral bat ( Vampyrum spectrum ), remain scarce. This study presents first comprehensive description prey sharing and other behaviors wild group V. . Over several months, we conducted extensive video recordings hollow tree, used as day- night-roost, to document aiming elucidate key interactions among bats their role within ecological niche. We observed various remarkable including food between family members. Our findings support hypothesis that form biparental care may serve method for adults transition young from milk carnivorous diet, ensuring adequate intake allowing them practice how handle large items. also challenge notion forages exclusively solitarily, documented instances synchronized roost departures returns thus presumably cooperative foraging. indicates more complex structure behavioral ecology than previously understood. analysis observational data enhances our understanding dynamics , providing new insights into evolution bats. Highlights Extensive parental care: Most likely both male female participate care, e.g. provisioning, behavior mammals Prey behavior: Detailed observations roost, highlighting cooperation resource allocation Extended dependency period pups: A prolonged developmental allows pups receive acquire essential survival skills until they achieve full independence Juvenile play: Pups engaged predominantly play (mock fights), but played with objects or items,

Language: Английский

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