The origin and speciation of orchids

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 700 - 716

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Orchids constitute one of the most spectacular radiations flowering plants. However, their origin, spread across globe, and hotspots speciation remain uncertain due to lack an up-to-date phylogeographic analysis. We present a new Orchidaceae phylogeny based on combined high-throughput Sanger sequencing data, covering all five subfamilies, 17/22 tribes, 40/49 subtribes, 285/736 genera, c. 7% (1921) 29 524 accepted species, use it infer geographic range evolution, diversity, patterns by adding curated geographical distributions from World Checklist Vascular Plants. The orchids' recent common ancestor is inferred have lived in Late Cretaceous Laurasia. modern Apostasioideae, which comprises two genera with 16 species India northern Australia, interpreted as relictual, similar that numerous other groups went extinct at higher latitudes following global climate cooling during Oligocene. Despite ancient orchid diversity mainly originated over last 5 Ma, highest rates Panama Costa Rica. These results alter our understanding origin orchids, previously proposed Australian, pinpoint Central America region recent, explosive speciation.

Language: Английский

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Testing the waters: Plant working and seafaring in Pleistocene Wallacea

Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 105020 - 105020

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Wallacean and Melanesian Islands Promote Higher Rates of Diversification within the Global Passerine Radiation Corvides

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(6), P. 1423 - 1439

Published: June 15, 2022

Abstract The complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches isolated systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One barrier is Wallace’s Line, a significant boundary that largely separates Australian Asian biodiversity. To assess roles barriers—specifically systems Line—we investigated tempo mode diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, allies). We combined genus-level set thousands ultraconserved elements (UCEs) species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce well-resolved supermatrix tree we leveraged explore group’s historical biogeography effects barriers their macroevolutionary dynamics. well resolved differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. confirmed Corvides, its major constituent clades, arose Australia burst dispersals west across Line occurred after uplift during mid-Miocene. found dispersal was generally rare, though westward were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea’s central position between Sundaland Sahul no doubt acted bridge island-hopping out Australia, colonize rest Earth. In addition, east harbor highest rates net are substantial source colonists continental both sides barrier. Our results support emerging evidence particularly geologically Indo-pacific, drivers species diversification. [Historical biogeography; Melanesia; molecular phylogenetics; state-dependent extinction.]

Language: Английский

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Paleoenvironments shaped the exchange of terrestrial vertebrates across Wallace’s Line

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6653), P. 86 - 92

Published: July 6, 2023

Faunal turnover in Indo-Australia across Wallace's Line is one of the most recognizable patterns biogeography and has catalyzed debate about role evolutionary geoclimatic history biotic interchanges. Here, analysis more than 20,000 vertebrate species with a model geoclimate biological diversification shows that broad precipitation tolerance dispersal ability were key for exchange deep-time gradient spanning region. Sundanian (Southeast Asian) lineages evolved climate similar to humid "stepping stones" Wallacea, facilitating colonization Sahulian (Australian) continental shelf. By contrast, predominantly drier conditions, hampering establishment Sunda shaping faunal distinctiveness. We demonstrate how adaptation past environmental conditions shapes asymmetrical global biogeographic structure.

Language: Английский

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A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(6)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Germline colonization by retroviruses results in the formation of endogenous (ERVs). Most colonization’s occurred millions years ago. However, Australo-Papuan region (Australia and New Guinea), several recent germline events have been discovered . The Wallace Line separates much Southeast Asia from restricting faunal pathogen dispersion. West Line, gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) isolated captive gibbons. Two microbat species China appear to infected naturally. East Wallace’s woolly monkey virus (a GALV) closely related koala retrovirus (KoRV) detected eutherians marsupials region, often vertically transmitted. transmitted GALV-like fauna compared sporadic horizontal transmission suggest GALV-KoRV clade originates former further models early-stage genome may be found. We screened 278 samples, seven bat one rodent family endemic found on both sides Line. identified two rodents ( Melomys ) Australia Papua Guinea no harboring retroviruses. leucogaster harbored a genomically complete replication-competent with shared integration site among individuals. was only present some individuals indicating this is at earliest stages genome, providing new small wild mammal model colonization.

Language: Английский

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The biogeography of bent-toed geckos, Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e13153 - e13153

Published: March 22, 2022

The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is the third largest vertebrate on planet with well over 300 species that range across at least eight biogeographic regions from South Asia to Melanesia. ecological and morphological plasticity within genus, has contributed its ability disperse ephemeral seaways, river systems, basins, land bridges, mountain ranges-followed by in situ diversification specific geographic areas. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed a mitochondrial phylogeny 346 described undescribed which it was inferred evolved proto-Himalaya region during early Eocene. From there, dispersed what currently Indoburma Indochina mid-Eocene-the latter becoming first major center of origin for remainder seeded dispersals Indian subcontinent, Papua, Sundaland. Sundaland became second radiation Oligocene gave rise large number radiated further Wallacea, Philippines, back Indochina. One Papuan lineage west recolonize radiate Currently, still harbor vast majority Cyrtodactylus.

Language: Английский

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Tramps in transition: genetic differentiation between populations of an iconic "supertramp" taxon in the Central Indo-Pacific

Frontiers of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

The island monarch (Monarcha cinerascens) was an original example of the “supertramp strategy”. This involves well-developed dispersal specialisation, enabling a species to colonise remote islands but leaving it competitively inferior. Supertramps are hypothesised be excluded from larger by superior competitors. It is only Melanesian supertramp occur in Wallacea, home also sedentary pale-blue (Hypothymis puella). We interrogate strategy and its biogeographical underpinnings assessing population structure these two monarchs. sampled monarchs collecting DNA morphological data. investigated applying ABGD Bayesian Maximum Likelihood methods their ND2 ND3 genes. constructed linear models investigate relationships between genetic divergence, ability, area, elevation, isolation. Wallacea’s deep waters restrict gene flow even supertramp, as Wallacean likely separate (mean distance: 2.7%). mirrors split Asia’s black-naped azurea). found further within populations. Their divergence related isolation islands, well ability birds. However, independent elevation area. Rather than being r-selected on small, disturbance-prone our results support view that monarch’s lifestyle temporary stage taxon cycle, i.e. supertramps may transition into resident after colonisation. Our suggest more dispersive reach distant promoted or permanent, without selection against per se. helps determine distribution across not necessarily occurring thereafter.

Language: Английский

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Safeguarding Imperiled Biodiversity and Evolutionary Processes in the Wallacea Center of Endemism.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(11), P. 1118 - 1130

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Wallacea-the meeting point between the Asian and Australian fauna-is one of world's largest centers endemism. Twenty-three million years complex geological history have given rise to a living laboratory for study evolution biodiversity, highly vulnerable anthropogenic pressures. In present article, we review historic contemporary processes shaping Wallacea's biodiversity explore ways conserve its unique ecosystems. Although remoteness has spared many Wallacean islands from severe overexploitation that characterizes tropical regions, industrial-scale expansion agriculture, mining, aquaculture fisheries is damaging terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, denuding endemics communities, threatening long-term legacy impoverished human populations. An impending catastrophe demands collaborative actions improve community-based management, minimize environmental impacts, monitor threatened species, reduce wildlife trade. Securing positive future imperiled ecosystems requires fundamental shift away managing marine realms independently.

Language: Английский

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Phylogeny and biogeography of the sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)

Systematic Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 314 - 329

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Sharpshooters (Cicadellinae), a large subfamily of the Cicadellidae, exhibit global distribution and broad array ecological preferences. To explore phylogenetic relationships roles historical, biotic biogeographic processes in diversification sharpshooters, we analysed DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial two nuclear genes for 243 taxa representing all Cicadellinae tribes, generic groups, regional faunas geographic distributions sharpshooter species compiled online databases available literature. The maximum likelihood (ML) Bayesian inference (BI) analyses strongly support monophyletic clade including Phereurininae. Divergence time estimates suggest that sharpshooters originated Neotropical region or were more widespread Gondwana during Early Cretaceous diversified through combination ancient vicariance dispersal following evolution angiosperm‐dominated habitats. earliest divergence gave rise to Oriental New World lineages, latter which subsequently dispersed into Old diverse endemic fauna Madagascar. lineage shows high diversity endemism tropical Asia Pacific, with striking distributional discontinuities Wallacea. These results environmental evolutionary factors continental‐scale vicariance, long‐distance terrestrial microhabitats host plants may explain modern fauna.

Language: Английский

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A historiography of research on West New Guinea’s human past

ANU Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 27 - 60

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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