Variability in variability: does variation in morphological and physiological traits differ between men and women?

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Many researchers presume greater variability between female participants than males due to the menstrual cycle. This view has encouraged a sex bias in health and medical research, resulting considerable knowledge gaps with important clinical implications. Yet another field—evolutionary biology—the received wisdom is reverse: that men are more variable, possibly male heterogamety. To test these competing hypotheses, we compared variance sexes for 50 morphological physiological traits, analysing data from NHANES database. Nearly half traits did not exhibit sexual dimorphism variation, while 18 exhibited variation (GFV), indicating GFV does dominate human characteristics. Only eight (GMV), GMV also dominate, turn offering scant support heterogamety hypothesis. When our analysis was filtered include only women regular cycles (and of equivalent age), number were low statistically different, suggesting cycle typically explain when it occurs. In practical terms, should no longer simply assume will induce additional interest.

Language: Английский

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Cross-context behavioural correlations and signals of aggression in females of a livebearing fish

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract Behaviours can be adaptively correlated with each other and aspects of phenotype. We investigated behaviour across foraging, mating, risk contexts in females the poeciliid fish, Girardinus metallicus. quantified relationships between these behaviours aggression signals, body size, reproductive output. describing boldness, some which were repeatable, females. Aggression was signalled by darkening a black spot on extended dorsal fin or flaring. Spot occurred during intra- intersexual interactions positively interfemale negatively time spent following males, suggesting that it is an honest indicator motivational state. In contrast, flaring directed only at more frequently foraging context. Larger had fewer offspring received courtship displays, possibly because they aggressive to males. contrast studies we found negative relationship rank order boldness aggression, consistent either trade-off selection favouring relationship. Our results highlight importance studying model systems uncover novel patterns potentially meaningful departures from what typically seen

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender in Population Neuroscience

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 87 - 105

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Temperature and body size influence personality and behavioural syndromes in an invasive crayfish

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 187 - 198

Published: July 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Context-specific variation and repeatability in behavioral traits of bent-wing bats

Zoological Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

Animals may show consistent among-individual behavioral differences over time and in different contexts, these tendencies be correlated to one another emerge as syndromes. The cross-context variation tendencies, however, is rarely explored with animals contexts associated locomotion modes. This study assessed the repeatability traits of bent-wing bats Miniopterus fuliginosus southern Taiwan, effects contextual settings mode. were sampled dry winter season, their behaviors measured hole-board box (HB) tunnel (TB) tests, both suited for quadrupedal movements bats, flight-tent (FT) tests that allowed flying behaviors. FT showed more interindividual between-trial than those HB TB tests. Nearly all but only half medium high repeatability. These repeatable grouped into distinct boldness, activity, exploration, which across contexts. In addition, we observed a consistently higher correlation between categories either context. results indicate wildly caught bats. findings correlations also context-dependent suggest test devices allow flight behaviors, such tents or cages, provide suitable setting measuring animal personalities particularly species display less little movements.

Language: Английский

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Is personality and its association with energetics sex‐specific in yellow‐necked mice Apodemus flavicollis?

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract For the last two decades, behavioral physiologists aimed to explain a plausible covariation between energetics and personality, predicted by “pace‐of‐life syndrome” (POLS) hypothesis. However, results of these attempts are mixed with no definitive answer as which most acknowledged models “performance” or “allocation” predicts consistent among‐individual variation in metabolism repeatable behavior (animal personality). The general conclusion is that association personality rather context‐dependent. Life‐history, behavior, physiology well its can be considered part sexual dimorphism. up now, only few studies demonstrated sex‐specific correlation personality. Therefore, we tested relationships physiological traits single population yellow‐necked mice Apodemus flavicollis context between‐sexes difference this covariation. We hypothesized performance model will proactive males allocation apply females. Behavioral were determined using latency risk‐taking open field tests, whereas basal metabolic rates (BMR) was measured indirect calorimetry. have found positive body mass‐adjusted BMR male mice, support model. females mainly avoidance did not correlate BMR, suggesting essential differences sexes. Most likely, lack convincing at level caused different selection acting on life histories This may result weak for predictions POLS hypothesis when assuming explaining link operates Thus, there need consider sexes evaluate

Language: Английский

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Age, but not hand preference, is related to personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

The proximate mechanisms underlying animal personalities, i.e. consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, are a matter of discussion. Brain lateralization, expressed as the preferred use contralateral limb, has been suggested one these mechanisms. In this study, we measured proxy brain lateralization captive common marmosets ( N = 28) by testing hand preference simple food-reaching task and evaluated personality coding wide range behaviours observed daily situations. We explored links between both direction strength preference, well age sex, using linear models. Principal component analysis revealed that stable behavioural variables were organized three dimensions: Agreeableness, Extraversion Neuroticism. Regarding 14 individuals left-handed, seven right-handed ambilateral. Contrary to our predictions, did not find any relationship scores or sex. Instead, was significant predictor scores, with older being more agreeable less extraverted. link seems be equivocal dependent on assessment methods. Further examinations other mechanisms, such physiology (epi)genetics, may elucidate what drives variation marmosets.

Language: Английский

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The S-index: Summarizing patterns of sex differences at the distribution extremes

Personality and Individual Differences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 112088 - 112088

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Urbanization increases fluctuating asymmetry and affects behavioral traits of a common grasshopper

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract Urbanization has a major impact on biodiversity. For many organisms, the urbanization process means environmental stress caused by fragmentation and increased temperatures in cities atmospheric, soil, light, noise pollution. Such can influence both morphology behavior of animals. Hence, individuals might be selected for survival‐facilitating traits under high pressures urban areas. The specific insect is still largely unexplored. We studied one most common grasshopper species Germany, Chorthippus biguttulus , comparing morphological behavioral sampled from grasslands with low, medium, levels. first investigated whether as stressor affected body size fluctuating asymmetry locomotor organs. Next, we examined induced changes individuals' boldness activity. Our results showed that grasshoppers' locomotory organs more than twofold level. Further, walking activity areas low to indicate strong responses grasshoppers terms environment. To compensate effects arthropod populations, management strategies need developed maintain ecological processes reduce

Language: Английский

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Reaction to Novel Objects and Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Levels in Two Species of Nocturnal Geckos

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 3384 - 3384

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Many reptiles are maintained in captivity and heavily traded, although welfare measures for many species not well established under-researched compared to other animals. In this study, we focused on two of these species: crested geckos (Correlophus ciliatus) leopard (Eublepharis macularius). To better interpret their behavior captivity, the individual reaction novel objects fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels were measured an attempt identify potential correlation between them. Also, explored if some characteristic (e.g., color, shape, or smell) resulted being more attractive and/or individuals. Equivalent responses different obtained all geckos, behavioral response highly context-dependent, modulated by species. Individuals which manipulated earlier interacted longer with showed lower basal corticosterone (FCM) levels. Differences according suggested that have significantly greater variable FCM than geckos. Our results can help understand novelty serve assessment, studies needed proper establish protocols.

Language: Английский

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