Do reproductive characteristics of the species explain differences in the investment in weapon size present in males? DOI
Douglas Maciel, Reisla Oliveira, Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto

et al.

Ethology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 129(2), P. 99 - 106

Published: Nov. 27, 2022

Abstract Sexually selected traits, such as male weapons, are highly variable in shape and size across species. However, little is known about the mechanisms that may govern this variation. Because males with greater investment weapon tend to win more fights, but also pay higher costs related development maintenance, larger weapons should be expected only species which victory male–male fights generate reproductive benefits outweigh costs. Here, we hypothesized characteristics increase chances of winners access females or fertilize eggs will favor evolution weapons. To evaluate hypothesis, conducted a meta‐analysis using arthropods model organisms. measure size, gathered both Pearson correlation coefficient standardized (but non centralized) slope values for relationship between body size. We found none investigated was Thus, it seems certainty accessing female fertilizing does not modulate Perhaps cost–benefit ratio success main factor driving variation

Language: Английский

Signals in conflict resolution: Conventional signals, aggression and territoriality DOI
Mark Briffa, Sarah Lane

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regional heterothermy inMegasoma gyasis not related to active heat dissipation by the horns DOI Creative Commons
Danilo Giacometti, L. Silva, Guilherme Gomes

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Animals rely on physiological and behavioral processes to maintain thermal balance. Some animals, however, bear structures that help dissipate excess heat when body temperatures rise. Although widespread in animal weapons—exaggerated morphological with multiple characteristics can make them good at dissipating heat—have rarely been studied the context of thermoregulation. Here, we investigated whether horns Rhinoceros Beetle ( Megasoma gyas ) acted as a window. We heated live dead beetles 30ºC allowed cool 20ºC while measuring surface temperature changes four regions: cephalic thoracic horns, scutellum, abdomen. If actively dissipated heat, they would show lowest cooling rate among regions. Contrary this expectation, found horn had highest rate, followed by abdomen, horn, respectively. This suggests are not used for active dissipation M. . The low scutellum be explained presence large flight muscles thorax, which play role generation, but could also aid pumping hemolymph across tagmata or through low-insulated cuticle prevent overheating. demonstrate regional heterothermy even absence exercise stress. As such, propose may result from both (control flow) passive (heat poorly insulated structures) within individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regional heterothermy in Megasoma gyas is not related to active heat dissipation by the horns DOI Creative Commons
Danilo Giacometti, L. Silva, Guilherme Nascimento Gomes

et al.

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The prevalence of weapon damage: a proportional meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Sarah Lane, Erin L. McCullough

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 123117 - 123117

Published: March 17, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Host Plant Effects on Sexual Selection Dynamics in Phytophagous Insects DOI Creative Commons
Benjamin J. M. Jarrett, Christine W. Miller

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 41 - 57

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Natural selection is notoriously dynamic in nature, and so, too, sexual selection. The interactions between phytophagous insects their host plants have provided valuable insights into the many ways which ecological factors can influence In this review, we highlight recent discoveries provide guidance for future work area. Importantly, affect both agents of (e.g., mate choice male-male competition) traits under ornaments weapons). Furthermore, our rapidly changing world, now routinely encounter new potential plants. process adaptation to a may be hindered or accelerated by selection, unexplored evolutionary trajectories that emerge from these dynamics are relevant pest management insect conservation strategies. Examining effects on has advance fundamental understanding conflict, range evolution, speciation, with relevance across taxa.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Evolution of horn length and lifting strength in the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus DOI Creative Commons
Jesse N. Weber, Wataru Kojima, Romain Boisseau

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(20), P. 4285 - 4297.e5

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Sexually selected weapons can wear out, decreasing their effectiveness in combat DOI

Isaac McEvoy,

L.C.M. Daniels,

Zachary Emberts

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2027)

Published: July 16, 2024

Sexual selection has resulted in some of the most elaborate traits seen animals, many which are used as weapons. These weapons can be incredibly diverse, even within species. Such morphological variation largely been attributed to environment individuals reared and their genetics. However, weapon form could also result a wearing out from usage. This mechanism received relatively little attention. In this study, we demonstrate that sexually selected wear repeated use, providing experimental evidence usage contribute diversity shapes observed second experiment, having worn-out decreases an individual’s fighting ability. finding illustrates shape have important role determining contest outcomes. Overall, these results suggest limited number times they effectively use weapons, may one factor (among others) influencing how frequently animal engages fight.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Why Are Most Humans Right-Handed? The Modified Fighting Hypothesis DOI Open Access
Matz Larsson, Astrid Schepman, Paul Rodway

et al.

Symmetry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 940 - 940

Published: April 19, 2023

Humans show a population-level preference for using the right hand. The fighting hypothesis is an influential theory that suggests left-handedness persists because its rarity provides surprise advantage in interactions, and less frequent it has health cost. However, evidence cost of unsubstantiated, leaving greater frequency right-handers unexplained. Research indicates homicide may have been common early hominins. We propose hand used to hold weapon by hominins could influenced outcome fight, due location heart aorta. A left-handed unilateral grip exposes more vulnerable left hemithorax towards opponent, whereas right-hand hemithorax. Consequently, right-handed ancestors, with forelimb combat, had lower risk mortal wound, advantage. This would explain their frequency. In accordance original hypothesis, we also suggest fighters when they are rare, explaining persistence. discuss modified predictions, ways test theory.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Male crayfish (Faxonius obscurus, Decapoda: Cambaridae) claws are longer and stronger yet comparable in shape during the reproductive season DOI
Zackary A. Graham,

Megan B Stubbs,

Zachary J. Loughman

et al.

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139(1), P. 57 - 69

Published: March 31, 2023

Abstract Animal weapons are diverse and often exaggerated structures associated with sexual selection male–male combat. Despite their diversity, our knowledge of these comes primarily from studies that focus on the size neglect other components, such as shape or performance. Furthermore, can exhibit species-level plasticity based nutrition ecological variables, but few have documented seasonal variation in weapon plasticity. Here, we investigate how size, performance differ across adult male reproductive non-reproductive Allegheny crayfish, Faxonius obscurus. Given F. obscurus cambarid crayfishes cyclical moulting between states, they provide an ideal system which to questions. We found claws all three components investigated; males were longer, stronger different compared males. Wielding longer is likely confer greater competitive success during mating season, demonstrates unexplored pattern discuss results considering seasonality phenotypes propose several avenues future research using crayfish a model system.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Weapon morphology and performance predict fighting outcomes in the giant mesquite bug, Pachylis neocalifornicus DOI
Zackary A. Graham, Zachary Emberts

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139(3), P. 286 - 293

Published: June 10, 2023

Abstract Many animals engage in direct competition with other members of their species over access to resources. Winning such contests often increases an individual’s fitness. Thus, it is important understand which factors determine contest outcomes. In weapon-bearing species, body size and weapon have been reported be predictors fighting success. However, unclear if one trait a better predictor success compared the other. Additionally, there are mixed results as whether performance measurements (e.g. force output weapon) than linear size). this study, we randomly paired 124 Pachylis neocalifornicus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae) males territorial interactions investigate differences size, or best predict We found that outcomes size. did not find clear evidence at predicting winners, suggested recent meta-analysis. These highlight importance encourage future studies continue investigating how non-size related traits performance) influence

Language: Английский

Citations

4