Necrotizing enterocolitis, gut microbes, and sepsis

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 13, 2023

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease in premature infants and the leading cause of death disability from gastrointestinal this vulnerable population. Although pathophysiology NEC remains incompletely understood, current thinking indicates that develops response to dietary bacterial factors setting host. As progresses, intestinal perforation can result serious infection with development overwhelming sepsis. In seeking understand mechanisms by which signaling on epithelium lead NEC, we have shown gram-negative receptor toll-like 4 critical regulator development, finding has been confirmed many other groups. This review article provides recent findings interaction microbial signaling, immature immune system, ischemia, systemic inflammation pathogenesis We will also promising therapeutic approaches show efficacy pre-clinical studies.

Language: Английский

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Biotherapy Using Probiotics as Therapeutic Agents to Restore the Gut Microbiota to Relieve Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation, IBD, IBS and Prevent Induction of Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5748 - 5748

Published: March 17, 2023

The gut microbiota is composed of several microbial strains with diverse and variable compositions in both healthy sick people. An undisturbed needs to be sustained order perform all physiological, metabolic, immune functions a normal way prevent the development diseases. This article has reviewed published information on issue disruption balance microbiota. could for many reasons, such as infection gastrointestinal tract, food poisoning, diarrhoea, chemotherapy, malnutrition, lifestyle, ageing. If this not restored normal, it might cause dysbiosis. Eventually, interrupted by dysbiosis initiate health issues, inflammation induction cancer, progression variety diseases irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory disease. review concluded that biotherapy natural using probiotic products, whether form food, beverages, or supplements, restore disrupted Metabolites secreted ingested probiotics help relieve tract can avoid cancer.

Language: Английский

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Causal effects of gut microbiota on the risk of chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 31, 2023

Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, whether has a causal effect on the development CKD not been revealed. Thus, we aimed to analyze potential using mendelian randomization (MR) study. Materials and Methods Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms closely 196 bacterial taxa (N = 18340) were identified as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR was performed evaluate 480698), including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, weighted median MR-Egger, mode-based estimation MR-PRESSO. The robustness tested by series sensitivity analyses Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept analysis, leave-one-out analysis funnel plot. Statistical powers also calculated. Results genetically predicted higher abundance order Desulfovibrionales causally (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.26; p 0.0026). Besides, detected causalities between nine other ( Eubacterium eligens group , Desulfovibrionaceae Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 Deltaproteobacteria Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 Senegalimassilia Peptostreptococcaceae Alcaligenaceae Ruminococcus torques ) < 0.05). No heterogeneity or pleiotropy for significant estimates. Conclusion We found are CKD, thus confirming plays important role in pathogenesis CKD. Our work provides new indicators targets screening prevention

Language: Английский

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Blastocystis: A Mysterious Member of the Gut Microbiome

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 461 - 461

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Blastocystis is the most common gastrointestinal protist found in humans and animals. Although clinical significance of remains unclear, organism increasingly being viewed as a commensal member gut microbiome. However, its impact on microbiome still debated. It unclear whether promotes healthy directly or it more likely to colonize persist environment. In people, frequently associated with increased bacterial diversity significant differences Based current knowledge, not possible determine are cause result colonization. that some aspects this eukaryote’s role intestinal remain unknown effects vary, possibly due subtype intra-subtype variations immune modulation, research needed characterize these mechanisms greater detail. This review covers recent findings autoimmune diseases, has like bacteria gut–brain axis, relationship probiotics.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 8, 2024

The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of lumen and internal environment body. Disturbances permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation enteric immune system due excessive contact with gut microbiota its components, development endotoxemia, when level bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, following aspects are covered: structure barrier; influence on via regulation functioning tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation mucus antioxidant effects; molecular mechanisms pro-inflammatory response caused by invasion through TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; nutrition permeability, exercise an emphasis exercise-induced heat stress hypoxia. Overall, review provides some insight into how prevent associated inflammatory processes involved many if not most pathologies. Some diets physical supposed be non-pharmacological approaches maintain integrity function provide efficient operation. However, at early age, increased has hormetic effect contributes system.

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 3, 2024

Accumulating studies have indicated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in onset of autoimmune diseases by engaging complex interactions with host. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview existing literatures concerning relationship between and diseases, shedding light on interplay microbiota, host immune system. Furthermore, we aim summarize impacts potential mechanisms underlie primarily focusing systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis psoriasis. The present will emphasize clinical significance applications interventions based as innovative adjunctive therapies for diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 26, 2020

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is regarded as an autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency resulting from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence rates T1D have increased worldwide. Over the past decades, progress has been made in understanding complexity immune response and its role pathogenesis, however, trigger autoimmunity remains unclear. increasing rates, immigrant studies twin suggest that environmental factors play important cannot simply be explained genetic predisposition. Several research initiatives identified potentially contribute to onset progression children/young adults. More recently, interplay between gut microbiota system implicated factor pathogenesis. Although results often vary studies, broad compositional diversity patterns emerged both longitudinal cross-sectional human studies. patients a less diverse microbiota, prevalence Bacteriodetes taxa aberrant metabolomic profile compared healthy controls. In this comprehensive review, we present data obtained animal focusing on large These are particularly valuable elucidating lead composition T1D. We also discuss how such birth mode, diet, antibiotic use modulate contributes final section, focus existing recent literature microbiota-produced metabolites, proteins, virome function potential protectants or triggers onset. Overall, current indicate higher levels along with presence beneficial microbes microbial-produced metabolites can act protectors against However, specifics host yet discovered.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Exposures and Autoimmune Diseases: Contribution of Gut Microbiome

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2020

Environmental agents have gained much attention in recent years for their role triggering autoimmune diseases (ADs). Increasing evidence has linked environmental exposures, including trichloroethene (TCE), silica, mercury, pristane, pesticides and smoking to higher risk ADs. However, potential mechanisms by which these contribute the disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Dysbiosis of gut microbiome is another important factor that been onset different Altered microbiota composition associated with impaired intestinal barrier function dysregulation mucosal immune system, but it unclear if dysbiosis a causal or an outcome In this review article, we first describe epidemiological mechanistic evidences linking environmental/occupational exposures various ADs (especially SLE). Secondly, discuss how changes (dysbiosis) could pathogenesis, especially response exposure chemicals.

Language: Английский

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Neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 479 - 488

Published: March 3, 2020

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are associated with a wide spectrum of neurologic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including meningo-encephalitis, myasthenia gravis and various neuropathies. Although relatively rare, they often present significant diagnostic complexity may be under-recognized. Permanent deficits and/or fatality have been described but improvement is noted in most cases ICI discontinuation immunosuppressive therapy.Areas covered: This review highlights the frequently reported ICI-associated toxicities particular focus on those that more severe fatal. Data from case series pharmacovigilance studies leveraged to provide an overview clinical features, expected outcomes appropriate management. Various immunobiologic triggers proposed explain why certain patients might develop irAEs also briefly discussed.Expert opinion: All providers who care for cancer should made aware common able recognize when prompt evaluation consultation specialists indicated. Symptoms suggestive encephalitis, myasthenia-gravis or acute polyradiculopathy such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) exposed these agents warrant immediate attention low threshold hospitalization expedite work-up monitor life-threatening manifestations.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics: If It Does Not Help It Does Not Do Any Harm. Really?

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 104 - 104

Published: April 11, 2019

Probiotics per definition should have beneficial effects on human health, and their consumption has tremendously increased in the last decades. In parallel, amount of published material claims for efficacy soared continuously. Recently, multiple systemic reviews, meta-analyses, expert opinions expressed criticism claimed safety. The present review describes dark side probiotics, terms problematic research design, incomplete reporting, lack transparency, under-reported Highlighted are potential virulent factors mode action intestinal lumen, risking physiological microbiome equilibrium. Finally, regulatory topics discussed to lighten heterogeneous guidelines applied worldwide. shift scientific world towards a better understanding microbiome, before probiotic cargo, is highly endorsed. It hoped that knowledge will extend repertoire, re-confirm or safety, establish substantiate effects.

Language: Английский

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