Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 1921 - 1929

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and autoimmune diseases is of particular interest suggests a role autoimmunity pathogenesis disorders. Anorexia nervosa (AN) are linked by bidirectional relationship based on common immunopathological mechanisms. In this review, addition to reporting numerous cases described which associated with or vice versa, we summarize many aspects immune system (IS) AN. We describe how microbiota affects IS, disrupts gut-brain communication, possibly triggers also shared immunological pathways occurrence disrupted T cell tolerance autoantibodies The observations represent starting point for possible, future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Perinatal metabolic inflammation in the hypothalamus impairs the development of homeostatic feeding circuitry

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 155677 - 155677

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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A transdiagnostic and diagnostic-specific approach on inflammatory biomarkers in eating disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 116115 - 116115

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Eating disorders (EDs) are severe mental illnesses with a multifactorial etiology and chronic course. Among the biological factors related to pathogenesis maintenance of EDs, inflammation acquired growing scientific interest. This study aimed assess inflammatory profile focusing on anorexia nervosa, bulimia including for first time binge eating disorder. A comprehensive research existing literature identified 51 eligible studies meta-analysis, comparing levels tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (sRANKL), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) between patients EDs healthy controls (HCs). The systematic review explored other biomarkers interest, which did not meet meta-analysis criteria. Results revealed significantly elevated TNF-α, OPG, sRANKL, IL-1β in compared HCs. Additionally, results highlighted heterogeneity state among emphasizing need further into association psychopathological correlates. approach should transcend categorical diagnoses, enabling more precise subcategorizations patients. Overall, this contributed understanding pathways involved potential implications diagnosis, staging, targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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Neurodivergence, intersectionality, and eating disorders: a lived experience-led narrative review

Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Autistic people and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are at a high risk of developing an eating disorder. While there is limited evidence on the relationship between other forms neurodivergence disorders, research suggests associations giftedness, intellectual disability, obsessive–compulsive disorder, psychosis, Tourette's syndrome, disordered eating. Factors underlying and/or for neurodivergent multifaceted complex, encompassing wide range intertwined psychosocial, environmental, biological processes. Moreover, shows that individuals experience poorer treatment outcomes compared to neurotypical individuals. However, paucity in this area overall. More specifically, lived experience-led remains rare, despite its critical role improving individualised care, as well mental healthcare more broadly. Indeed, importance care individuation increasingly being recognised, particularly within context neurodivergence, given heterogeneous experiences support needs affected by disorders. Furthermore, documented overlaps various (e.g., co-occurring autism disorder), looking disorders through transdiagnostic perspective scarce. This narrative review aims shed light intersectional factors elevated First, overview prevalence data provided, followed thematic framework identifying relation neurodivergence. A appraisal current then offered before suggestions neurodiversity-affirming made. In view, paper offers foundation future empirical work nascent field inquiry providing experience-led, transdiagnostic, account

Language: Английский

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Anorexia Nervosa in a Middle‐Aged Woman: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystemic involvement and unclear etiology. Although SLE could be linked to multiple neuropsychiatric manifestations, the co‐occurrence of anorexia nervosa was only described through few case reports that mainly affected children adolescents. Case Presentation 40‐year‐old Filipina woman presented hospital 3‐day history agitation, auditory hallucinations. She also had restrictive dietary habits substantial weight loss excessive fear gain for past several months. Her medical noticeable 3‐month erythematous non‐itchy skin rash. On examination, patient pale underweight. angular stomatitis, bilateral exophthalmos, diffuse goiter. Skin examination revealed scaly rash over neck upper torso post‐inflammatory discoloration. Laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia, high serum creatinine, +1 proteinuria. Further workup confirmed thyrotoxicosis due Graves as well having positive autoantibodies including antinuclear antibody (ANA) which were suggestive SLE. A subsequent kidney biopsy demonstrated class IV nephritis. The treated successfully intravenous pulse steroid therapy, rituximab, antithyroid medications no residual symptoms or laboratory abnormalities. Conclusions concurrence complete resolution immunosuppressive therapy suggest common autoinflammatory pathogenesis both conditions. research needed elucidate any potential association between nervosa.

Language: Английский

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Mushrooms, Microdosing, and Mental Illness: The Effect of Psilocybin on Neurotransmitters, Neuroinflammation, and Neuroplasticity

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 21, P. 141 - 155

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The incidence of mental health disorders is increasing worldwide. While there are multiple factors contributing to this problem, neuroinflammation underlies a significant subset psychiatric conditions, particularly major depressive and anxiety disorders. Anti-inflammatory interventions have demonstrated benefit in these conditions. Psilocin, the active ingredient mushrooms Psilocybe genus, both potent serotonin agonist anti-inflammatory agent, increases neuroplasticity, decreases overactivity default mode network. Studies using hallucinogenic doses psilocin under supervision therapist/guide consistently benefits individuals with depression end-of-life anxiety. Microdosing psilocybin sub-hallucinogenic has also mood disorders, may offer safe, less expensive, more available alternative full for as well other medical conditions which inflammation principal pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Abrupt onset or exacerbation of anorexia nervosa following recent infections: a mini-review and a case report with an atypical manifestation of PANS

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Purpose This study examines the connection between infections and abrupt onset or exacerbation of anorexia nervosa (AN) in context PANS (Pediatric Acute–Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) PANDAS Autoimmune Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections). Methods The authors conducted a literature review present case 17-year-old girl treated at University Turin Eating Disorder Unit, whose AN presented an following infection was characterized by rapid favorable course. Results includes 30 cases derived from six studies, suggesting that can manifest as PANS/PANDAS, subjects, mainly adolescents, experiencing sudden exacerbated eating restrictions alongside obsessive–compulsive behaviors. Some improved antibiotics standard psychiatric treatments, although age, symptom severity, diagnostic markers like D8/17 varied across studies. Data on treatment follow-up also varied. report refers to V., who developed intestinal infection. After significant weight loss amenorrhea, she hospitalized for 29 days, receiving care, nutritional rehabilitation, pharmacological treatment. Over 2 months residential care ongoing outpatient therapy, notably, though mild body dysmorphophobia persisted. Conclusions While evidence suggests possible link AN, research is still limited inconsistent. Infections may trigger through autoimmune mechanisms initiating loss, particularly younger patients. Although further studies are needed clarify this relationship, should be considered diagnosis, especially pediatric cases. Level Evidence: V, narrative report.

Language: Английский

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Aberrant expression of human endogenous retroviruses and SETDB1 in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of the human genome. They are remnants ancient infections germinal cells. HERVs no longer infectious, but some retroviral sequences can be activated and their enhanced expressions have been implicated in a number diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. HERV transcription is regulated by TRIM28 SETDB1, which directly involved regulation epigenetic processes, neural cell differentiation, brain inflammation. TRIM28/SETDB1 not investigated patients affected anorexia nervosa (AN). We assessed, through PCR real-time Taqman amplification assay, levels pol genes HERV-H -K, env Syncytin 1 (SYN1) SYN2 as well SETDB1 whole blood 37 adolescents with AN healthy controls (HC) comparable age. The transcriptional HERV-H-pol HERV-K-pol were significantly higher compared HC, while differences observed for SYN1, SYN2, TRIM28. Over-expressions suggest that they may main actors pathophysiology open way to development novel therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Application of Genetic Testing for Anorexia Nervosa: An Ethical Analysis

Brain and Behavior, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe, debilitating disorder with high mortality rate. Research indicates that genetics plays significant role in AN manifestation and persistence. Genetic testing has the potential to transform how treated, however, clinical practice, care must be taken consider ethical complexities involved. Our objective was perform an analysis of genetic AN. We applied principlist approach, taking into consideration stakeholders involved core principles autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice (1) evaluate possible implications use treatment patients AN, (2) assess whether such justified if so, under what conditions. Potential benefits identified include reduction misdiagnosis identification treatable concurrent The risks for AN-associated risk variants outside research setting, especially without more effective options, false sense reassurance those negative reduced emphasis on importance behavioral-based therapies may benefit. complex disorders, including tremendous potential, but still primarily research-based. Currently, presenting atypical severe enduring who, by definition, have not benefited from traditional treatment, rule out or identify other conditions could

Language: Английский

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Orthorexia Nervosa Practices in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The DORA Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 713 - 713

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is an indisputable component of the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous research has suggested that chronic disease where important effector prognosis, healthy dietary choices might take unhealthy turn, with patients developing disordered eating form orthorexia nervosa (ON). ON characterized by a pathological preoccupation “healthy”, “pure” eating, associated restrictive patterns, nutrient deficiencies and worsening outcomes. The aim present cross-sectional study was to evaluate tendencies sample adult RA. A total 133 RA were recruited, completed ORTO-15 questionnaire for assessment tendencies. Most overweight/obese (53.4%). results revealed sample, median score reaching 36 (IQR: 33–39). Greater female gender, lowered increasing age body mass index. findings highlight need health professional awareness regarding problem importance screening patients.

Language: Английский

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