Exosome-Mediated Chemoresistance in Cancers: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Implications, and Future Directions

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 685 - 685

Published: May 8, 2025

Chemotherapy resistance represents a formidable obstacle in oncological therapeutics, substantially compromising the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and contributing to unfavorable clinical prognoses. Emerging evidence has elucidated pivotal involvement exosomes dissemination chemoresistance phenotypes among tumor cells within microenvironment. This review delineates two distinct intra-tumoral mechanisms orchestrated by exosomes: (1) exosome-mediated sequestration chemotherapeutic agents coupled with enhanced drug efflux neoplastic cells, (2) horizontal transfer drug-sensitive through delivery bioactive molecular cargo, thereby facilitating propagation across population. Furthermore, covers current vivo experimental data focusing on targeted interventions against specific genetic elements exosomal secretion pathways, demonstrating their potential mitigating resistance. Additionally, therapeutic inhibiting transporter strategy is particularly examined as promising overcome mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression of Brain Tumors

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 586 - 586

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Brain tumors, and, in particular, glioblastoma (GBM), are among the most aggressive forms of cancer. In spite advancement available therapies, both diagnosis and treatments still unable to ensure pathology-free survival GBM patients for more than 12–15 months. At basis poor ability cope with brain we can consider: (i) intra-tumor heterogeneity; (ii) heterogeneity tumor properties when compare different patients; (iii) blood–brain barrier (BBB), which makes difficult isolation tumor-specific biomarkers delivering therapeutic drugs brain. Recently, it is becoming increasingly clear that cancer cells release large amounts extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport metabolites, proteins, classes RNAs, DNA, lipids. These structures involved pathological process characterize any particular form Moreover, EVs able cross BBB directions. Starting from these observations, researchers now evaluating possibility use purified organic fluids (first all, blood saliva), order obtain, through non-invasive methods (liquid biopsy), biomarkers, perhaps, also obtaining nanocarriers targeted drugs.

Language: Английский

Towards Effective Treatment of Glioblastoma: The Role of Combination Therapies and the Potential of Phytotherapy and Micotherapy

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(12), P. 14324 - 14350

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors, with a poor prognosis due to its high resistance conventional therapies. Current treatment options, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness in improving long-term survival. Despite emergence new therapies, monotherapy approaches not shown significant improvements, highlighting need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Combination therapies appear be promising solution, as they target multiple molecular pathways involved GBM progression. One area growing interest incorporation phytotherapy micotherapy complementary treatments, which offer potential benefits their anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties. This review examines current challenges treatment, discusses combination highlights role integrative options management.

Language: Английский