Wild ungulate overabundance in Europe: contexts, causes, monitoring and management recommendations

Mammal Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 95 - 108

Published: Sept. 20, 2020

Abstract High‐density populations of large ungulates are now widespread. However, the perception overabundance only appears when it produces a problem for humans, such as loss plant diversity, damage to agricultural crops and forestry, ungulate‐vehicle collisions, nuisance disease transmission livestock or changes in habitat other species. The admissible level density depends on ecological socio‐economic context which population is located, defining this important, order determine management strategies actions. We describe main contexts ungulate occurs Europe, record causes evaluate set indicators change most appropriate monitoring diagnosing each scenario. Our review 318 published papers revealed six wild Europe (protected areas, hunting arable farming, farming [peri]urban areas). In addition abundance, four sets environmental could be used monitor within these (impacts habitats, impact animal performance, increments diseases parasite loads, humans). Nine species were found overabundant. Red deer Cervus elaphus was likely overabundant protected areas (detailed 27% that context) (38%); roe Capreolus capreolus forestry (28%); boar Sus scrofa (60%), (29%) (peri)urban (38%). evidence shows diagnosis via change, actions required control undesirable situations, strongly context‐dependent.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking the study of human–wildlife coexistence

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 784 - 793

Published: Oct. 12, 2020

Although coexistence with wildlife is a key goal of conservation, little known about it or how to study it. By we mean sustainable though dynamic state in which humans and coadapt sharing landscapes, where human interactions are effectively governed ensure populations persist socially legitimate ways that tolerable risk levels. Problems arise from current conflict-oriented framing human-wildlife include reinforcing human-nature dichotomy as fundamentally oppositional, suggesting requires the absence conflict, skewing research management toward direct negative impacts over indirect positive aspects living wildlife. Human behavior framed rational calculus costs benefits, sidelining emotional cultural dimensions these interactions. Coexistence less studied due unfamiliarity relevant methodologies, including qualitative methods, self-reflexivity ethical rigor, constraints on funding time. These challenges illustrated examples fieldwork India Africa. We recommend basic approach case studies aimed at expanding scope inquiries into relations beyond quantification benefits humans.Replanteamiento del Estudio de la Coexistencia Humano-Fauna Resumen A pesar que coexistencia con fauna es una meta suma importancia para conservación, todavía se conoce muy poco sobre ella y cómo estudiarla. Cuando hablamos nos referimos un estado sustentable, pero vez dinámico en el cual los humanos están coadaptados compartir paisajes las interacciones entre animales regidas manera efectiva asegurar poblaciones persistan maneras socialmente legítimas aseguren niveles tolerables riesgo. Los problemas surgen actuales estructuraciones orientadas hacia resolución conflictos humano-fauna incluyen reforzamiento dicotomía humano-naturaleza como fundamentalmente opositora, lo sugiere requiere ausencia conflicto desviación investigación manejo impactos negativos directos por encima indirectos aspectos positivos convivencia fauna. El comportamiento humano está conceptualizado cálculo racional costos beneficios, haciendo lado dimensiones emocionales culturales estas interacciones. La estudiada debido poca familiarización metodologías relevantes, incluyendo métodos cualitativos, rigor ético autorreflexivo restricciones al financiamiento tiempo. Estos retos encuentran ilustrados mediante ejemplos tomados trabajo campo África. Recomendamos enfoque básico estudios caso centrado expansión espectro indagaciones relaciones más allá cuantificación beneficios humanos.

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Coexistence between human and wildlife: the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia

BMC Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Abstract Human–wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on humans or affect wildlife. To explore nature, causes mitigations human conflict, coexistence between assessment was conducted around Bale Mountains National Park. Data were collected by means household questionnaires, focus group discussion, interview, field observation secondary sources. The nature extent in study area profoundly impacted humans, wild animal environment through crop damage, habitat disturbance destruction, livestock predation, killing human. major manifested that agricultural expansion (30%), settlement (24%), overgrazing (14%), deforestation (18%), illegal grass collection (10%) poaching (4%). defend raider, farmers have been practiced guarding (34%), live fencing (26%), scarecrow (22%), chasing smoking (5%). However, (38%), (24%) (8%) controlling techniques to predator animals. As emphasized this study, human–wildlife conflicts are negative impacts both Accordingly, possible mitigate possibilities for peaceful co-existence should be create awareness training local communities, identifying clear border closure land owned residents, formulate rules regulation performed equal benefit sharing communities reduction encroachment into national park range. Generally, researcher recommended stakeholders concerned bodies creating community use mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Understanding and avoiding misplaced efforts in conservation

FACETS, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 252 - 271

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Conservation relies on cooperation among different interest groups and appropriate use of evidence to make decisions that benefit people biodiversity. However, misplaced conservation occurs when are impeded by polarization misinformation. This impedance influences actions directly harm biodiversity, alienate partners disrupt partnerships, waste resources, misinform the public, (or) delegitimize evidence. As a result these actions, outcomes emerge, making it more difficult have positive for Here we describe cases where failed appreciation cooperation, evidence, or both eroded efforts conserve Generally, case studies illustrate averting requires greater adherence processes elevate role in decision-making place collective, long-term benefits biodiversity over short-term gains individuals groups. Efforts integrate human dimensions, into will increase efficacy success global while benefiting humanity.

Language: Английский

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Coexisting With Different Human-Wildlife Coexistence Perspectives

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Oct. 14, 2021

Over the last decade, there has been a remarkable increase in scientific literature addressing human–wildlife interactions (HWI) and associated concepts, such as coexistence, tolerance, acceptance. Despite increased attention, these terms are rarely defined or consistently applied across publications. Indeed, meaning of especially is frequently assumed left for reader to interpret, making it hard compare studies, test metrics, build upon previous HWI research. To work toward better understanding terms, we conducted two World Café sessions at international conferences Namibia, Africa Ontario, Canada. Here, present array perspectives revealed workshops results describe coexistence currently by conservation scientists practitioners. Although focus on imperative understand term relation tolerance acceptance, many cases latter used express, measure, define coexistence. Drawing findings, discuss whether common definition possible how field might move clarifying operationalizing concept human-wildlife

Language: Английский

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The wildland–urban interface in the United States based on 125 million building locations

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: March 27, 2022

The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the focus of many important land management issues, such as wildfire, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and human-wildlife conflicts. Wildfire an especially critical issue, because housing growth in WUI increases wildfire ignitions number homes at risk. Identifying for assessing mitigating impacts development on wildlands protecting from natural hazards, but data large areas are often coarse. We created new maps conterminous United States based 125 million individual building locations, offering higher spatial precision compared to existing U.S. census data. Building point locations were a footprint set Microsoft. classified across 30-m resolution using circular neighborhood mapping algorithm with variable radius determine thresholds density vegetation cover. used our (1) total area buildings included, (2) assess sensitivity included pattern choice size, (3) regional differences between building-based census-based maps, (4) how location accuracy affected map accuracy. Our identified 5.6%-18.8% being WUI, larger neighborhoods increasing excluding isolated clusters. Building-based more relative all smallest neighborhoods, particularly north-central states, attributable high numbers non-housing structures rural areas. Overall classification was 98.0%. For risk general purposes, 500-m represent original Federal Register definition WUI; these include clusters adjacent exclude remote, buildings. approach offers flexibility detail can be widely applied take advantage growing availability high-resolution sets methods.

Language: Английский

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Coexistence for Whom?

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Sept. 28, 2021

This perspective essay considers ethical and conceptual questions around who coexistence is for, it affects, to make happen. The introduction some approaches thinking about human-wildlife coexistence, debates on the utility of concept reasons for its current emergence into mainstream. It next outlines preliminary conception informing this essay. discussion challenges a narrow conservation-oriented framing offers insights from literatures stewardship relational values tackling these.

Language: Английский

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Responsibility, equity, justice, and inclusion in dynamic human–wildlife interactions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 380 - 387

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

In an era of rapid environmental change, human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) are increasingly complex and pervasive across ecosystems. Negative outcomes from such continue to warrant much attention, given their implications for conservation human livelihoods. However, framing HWIs solely along a coexistence–conflict continuum is overly simplistic because coexistence not devoid conflict negates the temporal dynamics potential outcomes. Furthermore, without thorough consideration governing principles, will persistently result in negative skewed perspective within scientific community among public. Here we argue that incorporating principles responsibility, equity, justice, inclusion (REJI) into conservation‐oriented activities can influence intensity, severity, duration throughout HWI life cycle. The conceptual framework present both complements expands assessment anticipation outcomes, which inherently contingent on practice, cultural sensitivity, interdisciplinary approaches.

Language: Английский

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Gaps and opportunities in modelling human influence on species distributions in the Anthropocene

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 1365 - 1377

Published: June 12, 2024

Abstract Understanding species distributions is a global priority for mitigating environmental pressures from human activities. Ample studies have identified key (climate and habitat) predictors the spatial scales at which they influence distributions. However, regarding influence, such understandings are largely lacking. Here, to advance knowledge concerning on distributions, we systematically reviewed distribution modelling (SDM) articles assessed current efforts. We searched 12,854 found only 1,429 using within SDMs. Collectively, these of >58,000 used 2,307 unique predictors, suggesting that in contrast there no ‘rule thumb’ predictor selection The number across also varied (usually one four per study). Moreover, nearly half projecting future climates held constant over time, risking false optimism about effects activities compared with climate change. Advances SDMs paramount accurately informing advancing policy, conservation, management ecology. show considerable gaps including understand Anthropocene, opening opportunities new inquiries. pose 15 questions ecological theory, methods real-world applications.

Language: Английский

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Wildlife and public perceptions of opportunities for psychological restoration in local natural settings

People and Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 800 - 817

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Wildlife might be important to psychologically restorative values and disvalues of nature, as interactions with wildlife could trigger both positive negative feelings. Research on experiences human–wildlife has largely involved participants who voluntarily sought out or it addressed encounters non‐threatening animals in urban green spaces. Less is known about the opportunities for psychological restoration landscapes shared mammals that are perceived pose a threat human activities health. This study provides nuanced understanding role public perceptions potential experience local natural settings. Twenty‐eight (15 women, 13 men, 18–75 years) took part focus group interviews subject reflexive thematic analysis. As an analytical framework, we used theoretical model how people appraise relevance, implications, coping norm congruence such appraisals may support hinder experienced Relevance revealed shifts consideration presence from integrated scenery (background) distinct figure (foreground). Implication would if animal was appraised dangerous, disgusting, causing nuisance destructive. promote displayed attractive traits, features fascinating behaviour movements, opened engaging interaction situations. Coping strategies feasible deal implications avoidance setting, preparatory before visit precautionary during visit. Important health effects gained policy management explicitly consider what mean Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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