From impacts to dependencies: A first global assessment of corporate biodiversity risk exposure and responses

Business Strategy and the Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 2600 - 2614

Published: June 10, 2022

Abstract There is growing awareness that biodiversity loss poses a significant risk to the global economy, but lack of clarity on what this means for corporations, and how they are responding. This study provides first quantitative assessment exposure across world's largest listed companies, compared with their adoption policies, through analysis disclosures from sample 11,812 companies 2004 2018. We find have started responding strategically risk, 29% having adopted policy by However, around $7.2 trillion total enterprise value remains exposed unmanaged risk. Companies in sectors material impacts tend high levels response, there poorer responsiveness dependency risks. A natural‐capital‐based view (NCBV) firm proposed theorise corporations constrained both dependencies natural capital.

Language: Английский

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A global overview of biodiversity offsetting governance

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 316, P. 115231 - 115231

Published: May 9, 2022

We analyze the development of biodiversity offsetting governance through a research-weaving approach. Here, we combine information from systematized review literature and qualitative analysis institutional developments in different world regions. Through this triangulation, synthesize map developmental streams around globe over last four decades. find that there is global mainstreaming core principles such as avoidance, no-net-loss, mitigation hierarchy, well pooling trading offsets for unavoidable residual damages. Furthermore, can observe an ongoing diversification designs actors involved. Together constitutes emerging regime complex comes with both set shared norms growing complexity. While may imply innovation policy experimentation, it also raises questions regarding effectiveness practices.

Language: Английский

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Framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of offshore wind energy development on marine birds

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 109795 - 109795

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Offshore wind energy development (OWED) is rapidly expanding globally and has the potential to contribute significantly renewable portfolios. However, of infrastructure in marine environment presents risks wildlife. Marine birds particular have life history traits that amplify population impacts from displacement collision with offshore infrastructure. Here, we present a broadly applicable framework assess mitigate OWED on birds. We outline existing techniques quantify impact via monitoring modeling (e.g., risk models, viability analysis), robust mitigation avoid, minimize, or compensate for impacts. Our addresses within context multiple stressors across developments. also technological methodological approaches can improve estimation mitigation. highlight compensatory as tool be incorporated into regulatory frameworks cannot avoided minimized siting decisions alterations operation. intended globally-relevant approach assessing mitigating may adapted regions planned OWED.

Language: Английский

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Ecological and economic implications of alternative metrics in biodiversity offset markets

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5)

Published: March 15, 2022

Policy tools are needed that allow reconciliation of human development pressures with conservation priorities. Biodiversity offsetting can be used to compensate for ecological losses caused by activities. Landowners choose undertake actions, including habitat restoration, generate biodiversity offsets. Consideration the incentives facing landowners as potential offset providers and developers buyers credits is critical when considering economic landscape-scale outcomes alternative metrics. There an expectation will always seek conserve least profitable land parcels, and, in turn, this determines spatial location credits. We developed ecological-economic model compare a habitat-based metric species-based metric. were interested whether these metrics would adequately capture indirect benefits on species not considered under no-net-loss policy. simulated market case study landscape, linking distribution modeling landowner choice based returns management options (restore, develop, or maintain existing use). Neither nor captured related habitats species. The underlying distributions, layered agricultural rental values resulted very different landscape depending chosen. If policy makers aiming act indicator mitigate impacts range closely species, then simple target adequate. Furthermore, achieve most ecologically beneficial design offsets policy, understanding decision-making processes needed.Se necesitan herramientas políticas que permitan la reconciliación entre las presiones del desarrollo humano y prioridades de conservación. La compensación biodiversidad puede usarse para reponer pérdidas ecológicas causadas por actividades desarrollo. Los terratenientes pueden elegir realizar acciones conservación, incluyendo restauración hábitat, generar dichas compensaciones. Es importante considerar los incentivos como proveedores potenciales compensaciones desarrolladores compradores créditos cuando se contemplan resultados ecológicos económicos escala paisaje estas medidas alternativas compensación. Existe expectativa siempre buscarán conservar lotes menos rentables y, lo tanto, esto determina ubicación espacial biodiversidad. Desarrollamos un modelo comparar en una medida basada el hábitat especie. Nos interesaba saber si indicarían adecuadamente beneficios indirectos especies no consideradas bajo política pérdida neta cero. Simulamos mercado voluntario estudio casode paisaje, cual vinculó modelado distribución con económico elecciones basadas ganancias económicas opciones manejo suelo (restaurar, desarrollar o mantener uso existente). Ninguna dos indicó hábitats relacionados. subyacente especies, conjunto valores renta agrícolas lotes, derivó muy diferentes según seleccionada. Cuando formuladores buscan actúe indicador mitigar impactos gama relacionados cercanamente, es adecuado objetivo Además, lograr diseño mayor beneficio ecológico, requiere comprender procesos decisión terratenientes.【摘要】人类发展压力与保护优先事项之间的平衡需要政策工具来调解。生物多样性补偿可以用于弥补发展活动造成的生态损失。土地所有者可以选择采取包括生境恢复在内的保护行动, 来补偿生物多样性的丧失。在评估替代性补偿指标在景观尺度上的生态及经济效益时, 考虑到土地所有者作为潜在的生物多样性补偿提供者和开发者作为潜在的信用购买者所面临的激励措施是至关重要的。一般认为, 土地所有者总是会寻求保护利润最低的地块, 反过来, 这也决定了生物多样性补偿信用的空间位置。本研究开发了一个生态经济模型, 以比较基于生境的指标和基于物种的指标得到的生物多样性补偿的生态和经济结果。我们想探究这些指标是否能充分捕捉到无净损失政策未考虑到的物种在生物多样性补偿中获得的间接利益。为此, 我们模拟了一个案例研究景观中的生物多样性补偿市场, 将物种分布模型与土地所有者基于替代土地管理方案 (恢复、开发或维持现有土地使用) 经济回报做出决策的经济模型相结合, 结果表明, 生境指标和物种指标都不能充分捕捉到生物多样性补偿对相关生境或物种的间接效益。潜在的物种分布加上地块的农业和开发租赁价值, 根据所选指标会导致全然不同的景观结果。如果政策制定者的目标是基于指标评估来减缓对一系列密切相关的生境和物种的影响, 那么简单的无净损失目标是不够的。此外, 为了实现最有利于生态的补偿政策设计, 还需要了解土地所有者的经济决策过程。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

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A nature-positive future with biological invasions: theory, decision support and research needs

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1902)

Published: April 7, 2024

In 2050, most areas of biodiversity significance will be heavily influenced by multiple drivers environmental change. This includes overlap with the introduced ranges many alien species that negatively impact biodiversity. With decline in and increase all forms global change, need to envision desired qualities natural systems Anthropocene is growing, as actively maintain their values. Here, we draw on community ecology invasion biology (i) better understand trajectories change communities a mix native populations, (ii) frame approaches stewardship these mixed-species communities. We provide set premises actions upon which nature-positive future biological invasions (NPF-BI) could based, decision framework for dealing uncertain movements under climate A series alternative management become apparent when framed scale-sensitive, spatially explicit, context relevant risk-consequence considerations. Evidence properties together predictive frameworks relative importance ecological processes at play actionable pathways NPF reality are accommodated managed. article part theme issue 'Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: dynamics transforming biosphere'.

Language: Английский

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Simple analysis of biodiversity response functions and multipliers for biodiversity offsetting and other applications

Environmental Modelling & Software, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106322 - 106322

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity offsets, their effectiveness and their role in a nature positive future

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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Aligning ecological compensation policies with the Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework to achieve real net gain in biodiversity

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Abstract Increasingly, government and corporate policies on ecological compensation (e.g., offsetting) are requiring “net gain” outcomes for biodiversity. This presents an opportunity to align development with the United Nations Convention Biological Diversity Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework's (GBF) proposed ambition overall biodiversity recovery. In this perspective, we describe three conditions that should be accounted in net gain policy recovery goals: namely, a requirement residual losses from compensated by (1) absolute gains, which (2) scaled achievement of explicit targets, where (3) gains demonstrably feasible. We show few current meet these conditions, risks undermining efforts achieve GBF milestones goals, as well other jurisdictional imperatives halt reverse decline. To guide future decision‐making, provide supporting decision tree outlining feasibility.

Language: Английский

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Bycatch-neutral fisheries through a sequential mitigation hierarchy

Marine Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 105522 - 105522

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Fisheries bycatch is the foremost threat to conservation of many marine species. Evaluation alternative management strategies can account for relative strength evidence, contribution achieving objectives, costs commercial viability, likelihood compliance and tradeoffs from multispecies conflicts. This study describes benefits limitations a complementary approach applying sequential mitigation hierarchy develop evidence-informed policy. Measures that avoid are considered before those minimize catch risk. These then followed by remediation interventions reduce fishing mortality sublethal impacts. Finally, direct, compensatory banking or in lieu fee-based offsets residual impacts were not possible avoid, remediate be implemented as last resort. However, offset activities socioeconomically unjust, some irreversible cannot offset. Air-breathing exposed wide range anthropogenic hazards across ontogenetic stages, presenting more options than fishes. Averted loss offsets, which foregone losses predicted occur had an intervention occurred, combination with true achieve at least equivalent gain contribute meeting broad, population- species-level objectives. Robust metrics needed determine equivalency, such reproductive value population between in-kind versus out-of-kind on-site offsite offsets. Bycatch guided promise ecological socioeconomic including going bycatch-neutral bycatch-negative through net biodiversity gain.

Language: Английский

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Prioritizing global land protection for population persistence can double the efficiency of habitat protection for reducing mammal extinction risk

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1564 - 1575

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Halting the alarming rate of species extinction, driven primarily by habitat destruction, motivated international community to adopt Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) and its targets aimed at reversing loss. Because urgency resource constraints, a key challenge is meeting effectively efficiently. Here we conduct global prioritization linking 70,492 unique population maps life history characteristics for 861 threatened terrestrial mammal species. Incorporating individual data identify priority areas conservation nearly doubled likely long-term persistence same amount land compared with typical approach based on distributions alone. We map rank assess how well current protected area (PA) system captures these important regions. Our results offer clearer, quantifiable link between actions extinction risk than previously possible scale.

Language: Английский

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